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| done when some of the force acts on an object in the direction the object moves. force x distance = Work (J) |
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rate of doing work, faster rate = move power needed
Work/Time = Power (watts) |
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| device that changes a force, make work easier, by changing size of force needed, the direction of a force, or distance over which a force acts |
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Input force x Input distance
Work done ON an object |
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Input Force
Input Distance |
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Force exerted on a machine
Distance the force acts through |
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Output force x Input force
Work done BY an object
can't be changed unless work input changed or friction changed |
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Output force
Output distance |
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force exerted by a machine
distance output force is exerted through |
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| number of times that a machine increases an input force |
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| Actual Mechanical Advantage |
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Output force/Input force
always less than IMA cuz of friction |
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| Ideal Mechanical Advantage |
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MA in absence of friction
Input distance/output distance |
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Percentage of work input that become work output, always less than 100% cuz of friction
Work Output/Work Input x 100% |
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| rigid bar that is free to move around a fixed point |
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| the fixed point a lever rotates around |
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| distance between fulcrum and input force |
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| distance between output force and fulcrum |
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| Fulcrum in the middle, MA can be greater than/equal to/ or less than one |
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Output force in the middle
MA greater than one (output force > input) |
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input force in the middle
MA less than one (input > output force) |
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two disks or cylinder, each with a different radius
Screwdriver: handle: input force and shaft: output |
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| radius/diameter where input force is exerted (INPUT DISTANCE) DIVIDED bY radius/diameter where output force is exerted. if input distance>output, MA>1 |
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| slanted surface along which a force moves and object to a different elevation: steeper slope: more input force needed cuz input distance(trail) is greater than output distance(height) |
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| Distance along plane (input distance)/change in height (output distance) |
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| V-shaped object whose sides are two inclined planes sloped toward each other |
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| thin wedge has greater IMA cuz less force needed to push it in, but doesnt do job as good (splitting wood) |
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| Inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder |
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| Screw who has more threads moves forward less for each turn. greater IMA: closer threads- less force is needed |
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| simple machine that consists of a rope that fits into a groove in a wheel, produce an output force different in size/direction/both from that of input force |
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| number of rope sections supporting the load |
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| wheel attached in fixed location, only able to rotate in place, direction of output force changed but force is not, IMA is always 1 |
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