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Details Title: physical science Description: chp.5-19 Total Flash Cards: 58 Created: 05/18/2004 14:01:38	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term what is newtons 1st law Definition a object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion Term what is inertia Definition the tendency of all objects to resist any change in motion Term what is motion Definition change in position-- a reference point is needed Term what 2 factors does gravitational attraction depend on? Definition Size of the force depends on masses of the objects & the distance between them Term what does archimedes principle state? Definition that the bouyant force of an object in a fluid an upward force equal to the weight of the volume of fluid an upward force equal to the weight of the volume of fluid that the object displaces Term what is bernoulli's principle? Definition states that as the speed of a moving fluid increases its pressure decreases Term what are hydraulics? Definition devices that use liquids to transmit pressure from one part to another Term what is newtons second law of motion? Definition the acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied Term what is newtons 3rd law?? Definition Whenever on object exerts a force on a second object the second object exerts on equal and opposite force on the first Term Acceleration is what?? Definition the rate of change in velocity and there for occurs when and object in motion either Term the speed of an object in a particular direction is? Definition velocity Term A force of attration between objects that is due to their masses is?? Definition gravity Term A measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object usually by the earth is ?? Definition weight Term Force is? Definition a push or a pull; all forces have both size and direction Term Amount of force exerted on a given area is?? Definition pressure Term pressure caused by weight of the atmosphere is?/ Definition Atmospheric pressure Term what occurs when a force causes an object to move in the direction of the force Definition work Term The work you can do on a machine is?/ Definition work input Term The work done by the machine Definition work output Term Tells how many times a machine multiplies force Definition Mechanical advantage Ex. hammer Term A comparison of a machine's work out put with the work input Definition mechanical efficency ex;pulley Term What are the 6 simple machines Definition inclined plane, wedge, screw, lever, wheel & axle, pulley Term what is an inclined plane and what are the examples of it?/ Definition slanted surface; objects can be pushed up to the inclined plane with less force than picking it up, but the distance is greater than just picking it up. MA=length of inclined plane//height of Inclined plane MA is always >1 Ex. ramp Term what is a wedge and examples of a wedge? Definition two inclined planes that move MA=Length of wedge/ Greatest thickness Ex. Knifes, axes Term what is the screw and ex. Definition *inclined planed wrapped around a cylinder *the threads are the spiral path on a screw *Pitch the # of threads in a given length *The closer the threads & the larger the threads the greater the MA Term What is a lever Definition A bar that pivots at a fixed point Term What is a wheel and axle Definition *basically 2 wheels of different sizes *a lever that moves in a circular path *MA= radius of wheel/radius of axle MA>1 Ex. Doorknob and all transportation Term what are pulleys Definition *wheel with a chain or rope * 2 types see p 203 for pix fixed & move *black & tackle-a combination of fixed & movable pulleys * MA= # of supporting ropes * MA= Fr/Fe Term Substances that conduct thermal energy very well are Definition conductors Ex. curling irons , Iron skillet cookie sheet , copper pipes, stove coils Term Substances that do not conduct thermal energy very well are Definition insulaters Ex. flannel shirt , oven mitt, and plastic spatula Term what is electrical current? Definition used to provide electrical energy Term what is potential difference? Definition the difference in energy per unit charge as a charge moves between 2 points passed a path of current Term what is resistance? Definition is the opposition to the flow of electric charge. Term what is ohms law? Definition current= voltage/resistance Term what is power Definition rate at which work is done Term what is a generator Definition device that useses electromagnetic induction to convert kinetic energy into electrical energy Term what are transformers? Definition a Device that increase or decreases the voltage of alternating current Term what is a wet cell Definition contains liquid electrolytes. Ex. they are particles in a car battery Term what are dry cells. Definition contain electrolytes that are solid or paste like Ex.is batteries Term what is a fuse Definition contains a thin striip of metal through which the chargesfor a circuit flow Term what is a circuit breaker Definition is a switch that automatically opens if the current in the circuit is too high Term what is parallel circuits Definition a circuit in which all parts are connected in a single loop Term what is a series circuit? Definition a circuit in which all parts are connected in a single loop Term what is reflection? Definition occurs when a wave bounce back after striking a barrier Term what is a refraction? Definition the bending of a wave as it passes at an angle from one medium to another Term what is diffraction Definition bend of waves around a barrier or through an opening Term what is a medium Definition a substance through which a wave can travels particles do not travel with the wave Term what transverse waves Definition waves in which the particles vibrate with an up and down motion Term what is electomagnetic waves Definition waves that do not require a medium Term What is longitudinal waves? Definition particles of the medium vibrate back & forth along the path that wave travels Term What is a doppler effect? Definition the apparent change in the frequency of a sound caused by the motion of either listen on the source of sound Term what is sonar Definition a type of electonic echolocation Term what is frequency Definition the # of waves produced in a given amount of time Term what is pitch Definition how high or low sound is percived to be Term what is loudness Definition how loud or soft sound is percieved to be Term what is amplitude Definition the maximum distance a wave vibrates from its rest position Term what is a decibel Definition most common unit use to express loudness Term what is a prism Definition something in which light passes through