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Physical Science Ch. 6 Review
NCKnights
35
Science
9th Grade
04/28/2009

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Term
radical
Definition
An organic group that has one/more electrons available for bonding.
Term
yields
Definition
What does an arrow in a chemical equation mean?
Term
energy
Definition
for a reaction to occur, bonds must be broken and to break a bond, what is necessary?
Term
Chemical energy
Definition
the energy released when a chemical compound reacts to produce new compounds
Term
photosynthesis, combustion, etc
Definition
what is an example of an endothermic reaction?
Term
respiration, bioluminescence, etc
Definition
what is an example of an exothermic reaction?
Term
decomposition reaction
Definition
a reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form 2/more simpler substances
Term
oxygen
Definition
in a combustion reaction, one reactant is always what?
Term
exothermic reaction
Definition
a chemical reaction in which heat is released to the surroundings
Term
synthesis reaction
Definition
a reaction in which substances combine to form a new compound
Term
water
Definition
in a combustion reaction, one product is always what?
Term
combustion reaction
Definition
the oxidation reaction of an organic compound, in which heat is released.
Term
reduced
Definition
in a redox reaction, the species that gains electrons has become what?
Term
redox reaction
Definition
any chemical change in which one species is oxidized and another species is reduced.
Term
oxidized
Definition
in a redox reaction, the species that loses electrons has become what?
Term
endothermic reaction
Definition
a chemical reaction that requires heat.
Term
substrate
Definition
the reactant in reactions catalyzed by enzymes
Term
conservation of mass
Definition
a balanced chemical equation applies the law of what?
Term
chemical equation
Definition
a representation of a chemical reaction that uses symbols to show the relationship between the reactants and the products
Term
subscript
Definition
numbers in a formula that tell you the number of atoms of that element in the compound
Term
coefficients
Definition
a number placed in fron of a chemical formula that tells how many networks/molecules are present in the chemical reaction
Term
catalyst
Definition
a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed or changed significantly
Term
law of definite proportions
Definition
states a compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions , regardless of how the compound is made or how much of the compound is formed.
Term
reactant
Definition
a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction
Term
electrolysis
Definition
the process in which an electric current is used to produce a chemical reaction, such as the decomposition of water
Term
inhibitors
Definition
catalysts that slow reactions
Term
double-displacement
Definition
a reaction in which a gas, a solid precipitate, or a molecular compound forms from the apparent exchange of atoms or ions btw 2 compounds.
Term
reversible reaction
Definition
reactions that do not go to completion
Term
product
Definition
a substance that forms in a chemical reaction
Term
LaChatelier's principle
Definition
states that if a cchange is made to a system in chemical equilibrium, the equilibriumshifts to oppose the change until a new equilibrium is reached
Term
chemical equilibrium
Definition
a state of balance in which the rate of a forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction and the concentrations of products and reactants remain unchanged
Term
mole ratio
Definition
the relative number of moles of the substances required to produce a given amount of product in a chemical reaction
Term
enzyme
Definition
a type of protein that speeds up metabolic reactions in plants and animals without being completely changed or destroyed.
Term
single-displacement reaction
Definition
a reaction in which one element or radical takes the place of another element or radical in a compound.
Term
Temperature(increasing temp favors reaction that absorbs energy), Pressure(increasing pressure favors the reaction that produces fewer molecules of gas), Concentration(Increasing pressure favors the reaction that produces fewer molecules of gas), Surface Area(more particles can come in comtact w/ the other reactants), Size(massive bulky molecules move more slowly and some must collide many times before reacting).
Definition
What are the 5 factors that affect a chemical reaction and how do they affect the rate of a chemical reaction when added to a reaction?
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