Physics

Chemistry

Astronomy

Meteoroloy

Geology

Make Observation

Hypothesis

Test Hypothesis

Make Observation

(researh method)

Qualitative: Not involving #'s

Quantitative: involving #'s

Standard Units of

Measurements

Length

Mass

Time

Volume

Measure space in any direction

(meter - m)

amount of matter an object contains.

(Kilogram - kg)

continuous, flow of events

(seconds - s)

fluid volume or capacity (length³)

(Liter - L)

Unit Prefixes

Kilo (K) 1000

Hecta (h) 100

Deca (da) 10

Meter (m) 1

Deci (d) .1

Centi (c) .01

Milli (m) .001

Changing from standard form to scientific notation.

Short hand way to express really big/small #'s.

4,750,000. = 4.75X10⁶

1. all nonzero digits are sig

2. all 0's between nonzero are sig

3. Trailing 0's are always sig

4. 0's in front are not sig

amount of mass in a definite volume

density= mass 

             volume

refers to the location of an object implied by some reference point.

A continuous change in postion referenced by length and time

a qantity that has only magnitude (a # plus the unit of measurement)

10^m/_s

A vector quantity describing both magnitude and direction

9.8^m/_s downward

average speed =distance traveled

                      time

 v=d/t

results from a change in speed, direction or both.

average accleration=change in velocity

                               time

ā=Δv or V_f - V_o

t        t

The distance covered by a falling object is not uniform b/c the object speeds up.

d=1/2gt²

The distance covered by a falling object is not uniform b/c the object speeds up.

d=1/2gt²

calculate final velocities of objects as they strike the ground

V_f =at

V_f=gt

calculate final velocities of objects as they strike the ground

V_f =at

V_f=gt

V=d/t

a=Δv/t = V_f-V_o/t

Falling Objects:

d=1/2gt²

V_f=gt

V=d/t

a=Δv/t = V_f-V_o/t

Falling Objects:

d=1/2gt²

V_f=gt

quantity capable of producing motion or change in motion

(change in velocity or acceleration)

equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.

They cancel each other out, and net force is 0

No motion occurs

natural tendency of object to remain at rest or in motion. The bigger you are the more inertia you have.

greater the mass of an object, the greater its inertia

More mass → more resistance to change

Force=mass×acceleration

F=ma

"for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction" For every force there is an equal and opposite force

F₁=-F₂

done only when force causes a change in motion of an object in the direction of the applied force

Work=force×distance

W=Fd

W=Nm=Joule

W=J

quantity that measures the rate at which work is done

power=work

            time

P=W = J  = 1 Watt (W)

                 t     s 

an object or system that pocesses energy has the capability to do work. work is the process by which energy is transformed from 1 object to another.

Work and energy have the same SI units of Joules (J).

Energy an object posseses b/c of motion

E_k=½mv²

Energy an object has b/c of its position of location, or its the energy of position.

graviational potential energy=weight×height

E_p=(mg)h

Fahrenheit:

freezing pt - 32°F

boiling pt - 212°F

Celsius:

freezing pt - 0°C

boiling pt - 100°C

Kelvin: "absolute temp scale" Lowest temp thought possible is 0K "absolute 0" (No molecular motion)

T_k=T_c+273 (C-K)

T_c=T_k-273 (K-C)

T_f=1.8T_c+32 (C-F)

T_c=T_f-32 (F-C)

1.8     

Heat energy will flow from regions of higher temps to lower temps.

Heat temps:

• Heat is energy, it has a unit of Joule (J)
• More common unit to measure heat is the calorie
• calorie is the amount of heat necessary to raise 1 gram of pure water by 1°C

1 cal = 4.186 J

amount of heat necessary to raise the temp of 1 kg of the substance 1°C

specific heat of water (c) is  4.186 J/g°C

1. the mass (m) in grams (g) of the substance
2. The specific heat capacity (c) of the substance.
3. the amount of temp change (ΔT)

H=mcΔT