Term
| Functions of the cardiovascular system: |
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Definition
1. deliver oxygen and metabolic fuels to tissues, remove metabolic wastes
2. transport substances to proper sites for synthesis, storage, degredation, and excretion
3. transport heat to maintain normal core, organ, and peripheral tissues
4. contain and transport defense and repair mechanisms
5. enlarge erectile tissues
6. produce hormones and vasoactive substances |
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Term
| components of the cardiovascular system: |
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Definition
- heart: 4 chambers
- circulation: pulmonic, systemic, lymphatic
- blood: plasma and cells |
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Term
| lymphatic system capture fluid that has escaped from circulation and returns it to circulation. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
ratio of cells to whole blood
normal is about 40, probably lower in women |
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Term
| The heart can beat ___ without input from the brain. |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 big characteristics of the heart: |
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Definition
- increases pressure energy of the blood, so that blood can overcome hydraulic resistance of circulation and gravitational stress
- intrinsically rhythmic, with rate and vigor of contraction modulated by autonomic nervous system and hormones
- automatically adjusts to changes in venous return, so that cardiac output= venous return |
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Term
| heart adjusts to changes in venous return, so that __ ___ is equal to venous return. |
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Definition
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Term
| blood circulation is ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| High __ ___ ___ provides energy for flow through individual ___ circuits that are locally controlled. ___ ___ __ also provides energy to overcome gravitational stress. |
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Definition
- high central systemic pressure
- high central pressure |
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Term
| Same amount of blood goes through pulmonary circulation as that of systemic circulation. But pulmonary circulation has a lower __ ___, this explains why the right ventricle is so much smaller than the left. |
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Definition
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Term
| pulmonary and systemic circulation are in ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| most blood at any moment is on the ___ side of circulation. |
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Definition
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Term
| 4-5 liters/minute of blood flow in systemic and pulmonary circulation |
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Definition
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Term
| Arterial circulation is a ___ circuit while venous circulation is a ___ circuit b/c can change size, so if not enough blood in body veins can constrict to increase venous return. |
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Definition
- conducting
- capacitance |
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Term
| The arterioles and terminal arterioles have a lot of ___ ___ relative to size, while the aorta does not have much __ ___ relative to size. |
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Definition
- smooth muscle
- smooth muscle |
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Term
| Big arteries don't provide much resistance to blood flow, from aterioles to terminal arterioles is where __ __ falls steeply. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| steepest pressure drop is in ___. pressure is low in capillaries and continues to drop all the way to the vena cava. |
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Definition
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Term
| As cross sectional area gets greater, the tubes are getting ___, thus the pressure is ___ b/c the smaller the tube the greater the ___. So the aorta has a ___ cross sectional area and __ pressure, while capillaries have a __ cross sectional area and __ pressure. |
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Definition
- smaller
- decreasing
- resistance
- low
- high
- high
- low |
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Term
| so the aorta and arteries, and veins and vena cava have a low cross sectional area. presure is high in the aorta, but low in the veins and vena cava b/ cpresure was disipated in the arterioles. |
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Definition
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Term
| Velocity of flow is greatest in the: |
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Definition
- aorta
- large arteries
- large veins
- vena cava |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| as cross sectional area gets larger, like with the capillaries, velocity ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The biggest pressure drop is in the arterioles, but there is not much presure drop in the capillaries, why? |
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Definition
| - there are so many capillaries |
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Term
| what vessels are the primary area of control for local blood flow via autonomic nervous system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Basic principles for normal cardiovascular function: |
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Definition
- maintain a high contant systemic arterial pressure
- allow tissues to regulate their blood flow according to their need for oxygen and metabolic substrates |
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Term
| Organs of body are in parallel, all tissues infused in parallel. Within a tissue, blood vessells are in parallel. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the pulmonary arterial blood pressure so much less that the systemic arterial blood pressure? |
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Definition
| lung is all profused so shunting is not necessary in the lungs |
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Term
| . If arterioles of a tissue constrict, what will be the effect on A) systemic arterial blood pressure and B) blood flow downstream from these arterioles? |
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Definition
- blood pressure wont' change much b/c baroreceptors sense peripheral constriction and prevent bp from being changed
- blood flow downstream would decrease |
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