Term
| When is phagocytosis used? |
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Definition
| To eat up antigen-antibody complexes, bacteria and viruses. ex: Macrophage |
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Term
| When is pinocytosis used? |
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Definition
| To take in small drops of extracellular fluid. ex: vesicles |
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Term
| When is receptor-mediated endocytosis used? |
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Definition
| When the cell wants to take in the ligand and the receptor together. ex: LDL or transferrin |
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Term
| What type of diffusion reaches a maximal rate at relatively low substrate concentration? |
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Definition
| Facilitated diffusion (for AAs, sugars). Occurs through a uniporter. |
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Term
| What are the four broad classifications of active transporters? |
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Definition
| P-type ATPases, V-type ATPases, F-type ATPases, ABC transporters |
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Term
| Where do F-type ATPases work and what do they do? |
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Definition
| They work in the mitochondria, and pump H+ OUT using ATP |
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Term
| Describe the path of glucose, starting at the intestinal lumen and ending in the blood stream. |
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Definition
| Intestinal lumen -> across apical membrane via glucose-sodium symport protein -> through epithelial cell -> across basolateral membrane via glucose permease-> blood |
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Term
| Describe the path of sodium, starting at the intestinal lumen and ending in the blood stream. |
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Definition
| Intestinal lumen -> across apical membrane via glucose-sodium symport protein -> through epithelial cell -> across basolateral membrane via Na+-K+ ATPase -> blood |
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Term
| What are three types of P-type ATPases? |
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Definition
| Na+/K+ ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, Flippases/floppases |
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Term
| What do cardiac glycosides (like "Digoxin") do? |
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Definition
| They block Na/K ATPases. This eventually leads to intracellular calcium build up, giving the heart "more juice" if in failure. |
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Term
| A mutation in what type of transporters causes a rare form of liver cancer in kids? |
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Definition
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