Term
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Definition
| people spent more time preparing meals, gathering & growing the ingredients, & performing physical labor. They walked, food was not processed, and they generally moved more. |
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Term
| Lifestyle: 1900 - present |
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Definition
| childhood obesity has quadrupled (more than 33%) as a result of video games, computer, and tv mixed with a "Western" diet. Since human genetics have not changed in the past 100 years, the rise in incidence of chronic diseases is due solely to lifestyle changes. |
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Term
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Definition
| or degenerative diseases; ones that develop over the course of a whole lifetime an whose obvious symptoms might appear without warning. The result of interaction between our genes and the environment, they can change the function of our cells. |
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Term
| Inherited Genetic Mutation |
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Definition
| cause of the chronic diseases NOT related to lifestyle. |
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Term
| Susceptibility Genes a.k.a. Gene Polymorphisms |
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Definition
| cause one to become predisposed to developing a disease. Increase the risk of developing a disease when its expression changes in a manner unconducive to its normal composition. |
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Term
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Definition
| determine whether disease traits are expressed and if one actually develops the disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| process of producing proteins from the genetic code (DNA) in our cells. |
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Term
| Transcription (gene expression) |
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Definition
| when copies of a gene that is to be expressed are produced. |
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Term
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Definition
| when copies of genes are decoded and form proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body - analogy to water boiling. |
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Term
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Definition
| support and organize cell components and control their movement i.e. a scaffolding for the cell and railroad tracks for its movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins that comprise muscle tissue and are involved in muscle contraction. |
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Term
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Definition
| signaling molecules that help the body's cells communicate with each other i.e. insulin. |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins produced in the body in response to foreign substances i.e. the immune system. |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins embedded in the cell membrane and function as communicators between the outside and the inside of cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| an estimate of how long one will live on average. The age to which 50% of the population will survive. Has increased ~25 years with changes in causes of death. |
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Term
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Definition
| maximum time the population can survive; has remained at roughly 100 years since 1900 due to high incidence of chronic diseases. |
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