Term
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Definition
is captured and stored as chemical energy in glucose
water and carbon dioxide are used to make glucose and oxygen |
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Definition
food, structure for plants
food for other organisms
oxygen for other organisms |
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Definition
| waxy coating; reduces evaporation |
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Definition
| leaf surface; protects inner cells |
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Definition
pore in epidermis; lets in carbon dioxide let out water and oxygen
- can open and close to retain water |
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Definition
| cells for photosynthesis each has 40-50 chloroplasts |
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Definition
| leaf veins; transport water, minerals, glucose |
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Definition
packet of kinetic light energy; moves in waves
-shorter wavelengths =more energy |
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Definition
| ; range of energy from sun; 3types of radiation reach earth |
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Definition
| short wavelengths; high energy; damage crucial molecules |
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Definition
| long wavelengths ;low energy; useful energy lost as heat |
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Definition
| wavelengths and energy levels between UV and IR; only alters molecules that absorb light; colors |
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Term
| How does light energy get into plants |
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Definition
| pigment molecules in thylakoid membrane can capture and absorb light |
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Definition
| main blue and green pigment; absorbs red blue and violet reflects green. |
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Definition
| absorbs wavelengths of light chlorophyll A cannot |
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Definition
| yellow green pigment; absorbs other shades of red and blue |
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Definition
| orange and yellow pigments absorbs blue and green |
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Term
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Definition
| complex of chlorophyll A accessory pigment, and helper proteins anchored to thylakoid membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| special chlorophyll a that triggers photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| electron from donor is passed along chain of proteins to reach a final acceptor. energy is released along the way |
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Term
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Definition
| energy is stored in it, used to power cell |
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Term
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Definition
| transport energized electrons and H+ within a cell |
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Term
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Definition
channel enzyme uses gradient energy to make ATP
-channel lets H+ diffuse back into stroma
-diffusion powers enzyme to add p to ADP |
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Term
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Definition
| as electron move along transport chain 2, the energy released is used to pump From stroma into thylakoid space |
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Term
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Definition
carbon dioxide enters through stoma, turns into glucose by using energy in Atp and nadph
-takes place in stroma |
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Term
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Definition
| attaches carbon dioxide to Rubp molecule: forms pga molecules |
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Definition
| enzyme that speeds up carbon fixation |
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Definition
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Definition
| some g3p rearranged back into rubp for next co2 |
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Definition
rubisco attaches oxygen to rubp instead of carbon dioxide; reduces photosynthesis efficiency
- stomata prevent this by staying open to take in more carbon dioxide, release oxygen
but this also releases water |
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Term
| ATP for cellular respiration |
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Definition
energy is stored in it used to power cell
powers reaction needed for life
must be constantly replaced |
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Term
| glycolysis and cellular respiration |
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Definition
chemical energy in glucose is transferred to chemical energy in ATP
glucose and oxygen are used to make atp carbon dioxide and water |
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Term
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Definition
| breaks down glucose, make 2 ATP;in cytosol |
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Definition
| breaks down glucose further; makes lots of ATP;in mitochondrion needs oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules
also makes NADH, 2 ATPs
in cytosol
anaerobic doesn't require oxygen |
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Term
| cellular respiration or fermentation |
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Definition
| if there is oxygen pyruvate is broken down completely |
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Term
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Definition
in matrix
pyruvate broken down and bound to coenzyme A forming this________
also make NADH, carbon dioxide |
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Term
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Definition
| acetyl coa broken down into carbon dioxide . asle makes nadh fadh2 2 atps |
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Term
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Definition
| IN INNER MEMBRANE CRISTAE.. NADH AND FADH2 GIVE ELECTRONS TO TRansport chain and electrons move along. energy released is used to pump h+ from matrix to inner membrane space building a gradient . electrons reach end transport chain given to oxygen the final acceptor. oxygen electrons and the 2h + join to form water waste product |
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Term
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Definition
| channel enzyme that uses gradient energy to make atp. channel h+ diffuse back into matrix . released gradient adds p to adp |
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Term
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Definition
glycolysis 2 atp.
acetyl coa formation 0 atp
Krebs cyle 2 atp
electrons transport chain 32 atp
total 36 atp |
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Term
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Definition
there is no o2 pyruvate is only broken down partly.
in cytosol
anaerobic
no final acceptor no electron transport
1 glycolysis
2 fermentation |
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Term
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Definition
MAKES PYRUVATE NADH 2 ATP.
DOESNT NEED OXYGEN BUT NEEDS
LOTS OF GLUCOSE
LOTS OF NAD+ |
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Term
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Definition
REMOVES ELECTRONS FROM NADH AND GIVES THEM PYRUVATE
PYRUVATE BECOME WASTE PRODUCT |
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Term
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Definition
| WASTE PRODUCT IS LACTATE FERMENTATION REMOVES ELECTRONS FROM NACH AND GIVES TO PRRVATE |
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