Term
| Vancomycin and Bacitracin |
|
Definition
cell wall synthesis inhibition: inhibits formation of peptidoglycan units
"can't swallow van"---> IV
"can't hear the van coming"---> HEARING LOSS
"always parked out in the bac"---> TOPICAL ONLY
"macro lines around pristin van in the bac..."---> G+ |
|
|
Term
| beta-lactam (Penicillins and Cephalosporins) |
|
Definition
cell wall synthesis inhibition: inhibits cross-linking of peptidoglycan strands "Pen-G graph"---> IV "3rd gen: smarter than rest"---> CNS CARBAPENEM--->with CILLISTATIN (renal metabolism inhibitor) CEPHALOSPORIN; MONOBACTAM: "aren't ceph from mono"---> G-
"love their tetra-packs and their carbs"---> CARBAPANEM: both G+/G- |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| cell wall synthesis inhibition: binds transpeptidase (PBP)---> inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking--->titrates out peptidoglycan chains |
|
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Term
|
Definition
binds and disrupts cell membrane (bactCIDAL)
"prevent surgical myx-ups"---> reduce bowel flora prior to surgery---> NO GI ABSORPTION
AMPHOTERICIN B---> IV
"polymyxin, -acin-ine amy-go's..."---> G- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
binds ergosterol-containing cell membrane receptors (higher affinity than to cholesterol)
Nystatin: "never nice nephrotically"---> NEPHROTOXIC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibits 14-alpha-sterol demethylase (fungal specific)
"flu-ck with your mind"---> FLUCONAZOLE: CNS
"Azoles are assholes"---> BLOCK CYP450 action on other drugs |
|
|
Term
| 5-Fluorocytosine Antifungals |
|
Definition
| metabolized by fungal specific 5-Fluuorouracil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibits gyrases/topisomerases
"flu-ck with your mind"---> CNS
"flour is too heavy for kids <17"---> CARTILAGE DAMAGE <17 y/o
Clindamycin--> "cling on to your stomach"---> SEVERE GI IRRITATION
"-acinine amygo's...pee into cup"---> UTI
"polymyxin, acin-ine amy-gos..."---> G-
CLINDAMYCIN:
""meth and sulfa drug addicts clin on to..."---> BROAD Spec |
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|
Term
|
Definition
inhibits RNA Pol; blocks initiation
"rif-raf in pts"---> ORANGE TINT
"moms don't like rifraf"---> TERATOGENIC (bad for moms); REDUCE METABOLISM OF OTHERS
"...keep ery-thing from the rif-raf"---> G+ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
decreases protein synthesis at 30S ribosomal subunit; mis-incorporates amino acids (B.CIDAL)
"amino acids: muscles"--->IM
"noisy, hyper amigo of Cehpalosporin"---> OLFACTORY; NMJ
"acin-ine amy-gos...pee into cup"---> UTI
"polymixin, acin-ine ami-go's..."---> G- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
B'STAT; inhibits protein synthesis at 30S ribosomal subunit
"tetra - four"---> CROSSES PLACENTA AND BREAST MILE; SUPERINFECTION; PHOTOTOXICITY; DISCOLORED TEETH
"addicts like their tetra packs"---> BROAD Spec |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
blocks peptide bond formation at 50S subunit---> B'STAT "ch-liffs are scary and make your head hurt"---> MENINGITIS "infants shouldn't go near ch-liffs"--> CV TOX. IN INFANTS; TOXIC BM SUPRESSION vs. APLASTIC ANEMIA!
"AZT in liver makes you want to jump off chl-iff"---> HEPATIC metab. |
|
|
Term
| Macrolides (Erythromycin; Clarithromycin; Azithromycin; and Telithromycin) |
|
Definition
inhibits peptide bond formation in the 50S subunit--> B'STAT
"macro problem for liver"---> HEPATOTOXICITY (only used for RTI)
"macro lines of AZT...in liver"---> HEPATIC Metab.
"macro lines around pristin van..."---> G+ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibits protein synthesis AND tRNA binding at 50S subunit---> B'STAT
"tap your skin with it"---> TOPICAL |
|
|
Term
| Quinupristin/Dalfopristin |
|
Definition
inhibits protein synthesis at 50S---> B'STAT
"not a pristin-e site of injection"---> IRRITATION AT SITE OF INJECTION
"AZT in an otherwise pristine liver"---> HEPATIC metab. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
binds 50S and blocks 70S formation---> B'STAT
"macro lines of AZT...in liver"---> HEPATIC metab.
"macro lines around pristin van..."---> G+ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
p-aminobenzoic acid analogs---> blocks FOLIC ACID synthesis---> B'STAT
"sulfa drugs can mess with your head"---> CSF
"sulfa drug addicts have to pee in cups"---> CRYSTALURIA (in low pH); used for UTI
"meth and sulfa drug addicts clin on to..."---> BROAD Spec |
|
|
Term
| Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole |
|
Definition
| inhibits DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE (blocks reduction to tetrahydrofolate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| metabolized by FUNGI only---> to 5-FdUMP---> antimetabolite that blocks nucleic acid synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
metabolized to reactive intermediates---> DAMAGE DNA
"smokers at nit have trouble breathing"---> PULMONARY FIBROSIS; BROWN URINE
"user in the nit...pee into cup"---> UTI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hydrolyzed to FORMALDEHYDE in acidic env.---> B'CID; in alkaline---> B'STAT
for acidic env.---> given with ACID SUPPLEMENT
"meth users shouldn't be using sulfa drugs too!"---> SULFA: LESS SOLUBLE IN ACIDIC URINE
"sulfa drugs and meth users...pee into cup"---> UTI
"meth and sulfa drug addicts clin on to..."---> BROAD Spec |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anticancer chemotherapy: tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anticancer chemotherapy: tyrosine kinase inhibitor---> blocks EGFR gene txn; for non-small cell lung cancer; responsiveness depends on tiny mutations in EGFR gene. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anticancer chemotherapy: angiogenesis inhibition-->Ab targeting of VEGF |
|
|
Term
| Sunitinib (Sutent); Sorafenib (Nexavar) |
|
Definition
| tyrosine kinase inhibitor--->inhibits VEGF |
|
|
Term
| Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (Vorinostat) |
|
Definition
| HDACi (histone deacetylase inhibitor)---> reactivates tumor suppressor genes |
|
|
Term
| Azacytidine and Decitabine |
|
Definition
| DNA methylation inhibitors---> reactivation of tumor suppressor genes |
|
|
Term
| Alkylating cancer chemotherapeutic agents |
|
Definition
| metabolized (ACTIVATED) in liver---> cross links DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
primarily myelosuppression
Alkylating Agent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
non-cycle active; inhibits DNA synthesis; alters DNA template activity; mostly for SOLID TUMORS
Alkylating Agent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibits dihydrofolate reductase conversion of dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid; covalent addition of POLYGLUTAMATE---> increased water solubility---> trapping in cell; parent compound is active (unlike purine acid analogs)
"methotrexate can be trex'ed with fony folinic acid"---> FOLINIC ACID---> THF, REVERSE TOXICITY
Antimetabolite |
|
|
Term
| Mercaptopurine; Thiogaunine |
|
Definition
purine biosynthesis inhibition; metabolized to activate (unlike folic acid analogs)
Antimetabolite |
|
|
Term
| Pyrimidine Analogs: 5-Fluorouracil; Cytrabine |
|
Definition
pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibition; metabolized to activate (unlike folic acid analogs)
Antimetabolite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mitosis blockers;
natural anticancer drugs from plants |
|
|
Term
| natural anticancer drugs from plants (Vinca Alkaloids: Vincristine) |
|
Definition
| mitosis inhibition---> metaphase arrest; ACUTE LEUKEMIA |
|
|
Term
| Vinca Alkaloids: Vinblastine |
|
Definition
mitosis inhibition---> metaphase arrest; (SOLID TUMORS; HODGKINS DISEASE; TESTICULAR TUMORS)
BLASTS BLOOD
natural anticancer drugs from plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
topoisomerase inhibition---> breaks in DNA strands; TESTICULAR CANCER
natural anticancer drugs from plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
topoisomerase inhibition---> breaks in DNA strands;OVARIAN and LUNG CANCER
natural anticancer drugs from plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
RNA Pol inhibition; solid tumors
VERY TOXIC
natural antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
DNA strand breaks; solid tumors; testicular cancer; lymphomas
natural antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
topoisomerase inhibition
natural antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "mighty Cis-sy drives.."---> alkylating agent; solid tumors natural antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| metabolized to activate---> competitive activation in presence of antidepressants (cause both use CYP2D6 liver enzyme); |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits androstenedione---> estrone; BREAST cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anti androgen; METASTATIC PROSTATE cancer; + Leuprolide (androgen uptake inhibitor---> prevent action of circulating androgens); or + orchiectomy
"flutes are for girls"---> GYENECOMASTIA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DNA damage; for VARIETY of solid tumors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ribonucleic reductase (ribonucleotides---> deoxyribonucleotides) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
guanosine nucleoside ANALOG---> chain termination
"gan"u---> change you---> TERATOGENIC
---> get in your head---> CNS TOX
Herpes (Acyclovir---> also EBV) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
thymidine analog---> incorporates into DNA template; affects mammals
Herpes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
adenosine analog---> chain termination;
antiviral (DNA viruses, nonretroviral) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "amala force you to wear your coat"---> inhibits M2 H+ channel---> blocks viral uncoating "ama"la---> get inside your head---> CNS TOX Influenza A |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
viral neuramidase inhibition (no sialic acid cleavage)--> accumulation of virus at cell surface
Influenza A |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
viral neuramidase inhibition (no sialic acid cleavage)--> accumulation of virus at cell surface; NO conformational change needed for binding (unlike Oseltamivir)
for colds---> INTRANASAL
Influenza A and B |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
multiple---> antiviral protein production;
Hepatitis B and C |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cytidine ANALOG---> DNA polymerase inhibition; reverse transcriptase inhibition (some anti-HIV); chain termination
Hepatitis B |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nucleoside (thymidine) analog---> reverse transcriptase inhibition
antiretroviral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibition
antiretroviral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
protease inhibition
BLOCK CYP450 (like Azoles)
antiretroviral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
binds gp41---> no interaction with co-receptor
SQ
antiretroviral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
binds host CCR5
antiretroviral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
integrase inhibition
antiretroviral |
|
|
Term
| List the narrow spectrum Penicillins. |
|
Definition
"guys are meth. addicted, clo-se mined ox's and dic-ks"
- Pen G
- Methicillin; Phenoxymethyl.
- Oxacillin
- Dicloxicillin
- Cloxicillin
mostly G+, and few G-
"shot up meth"---> PARENTERAL admin. |
|
|
Term
| List the broad spectrum Penicillins. |
|
Definition
| the rest of the -cillins: "negative body image case amorous of carbs"---> more G- than narrow spec. pen's |
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