Whistle-blowing

Future oriented view

It is morally right to blow the whistle and thus public affix responsibility to one's own organization only if doing so will put an end to the current wrong

Whistle-blowing

Retributivist view

An agent should blow the whistle just in case the organization did in fact commit the wrong in question

Complicity

Involvement in wrongdoing;

association or participation in or as if in a wrongful act

Idealist

Devotion to something more than persons;

ex: a cause or an abstract entity

Social atonomist

These include empiricist and utilitarians, who think

that at most one can only be loyal to individuals and

that loyality can be explained away as some other

obligation that holds between two people

Agent relative reason

A reason that cannot be fully specified without to the person for whom it is a reason

•     Example-obligations I have to My children or My employer
• Note that the reason requires that a second party is mentioned and specific

Agent neutral reason

  A reason that can be fully specified without to the

person for whom it is a reason

• ·         Example- obligations everyone has regardless of situation
• “Do Not Cause Harm"

• Note that the person DOES NOT require that a second party is mentioned and specified

Paternalism model

a professional has knowledge and experience a client lacks and is hired to further the client’s interest. (Professional has all the knowledge and authority)

• ·         The agent has superior knowledge as to what is in a person’s best interest
• The client is incapable of giving a fully free and informed consent
• A person will later come to agree that the decision was correct

Fiduciary model

Professional’s superior knowledge is recognized,

but the client retains a significant authority and responsibility in decision making

·       

•   Both are responsible
• Client has value knowledge
• Professional has technical knowledge

Traditional view of nursing

traditional ideal of the skilled and gentle caregiver,

whose role in health care requires

  submission to authority as an essential component

Autonomous professional view of nursing

one in which the nurse has some level of independence in decision in making when taking care of the client

Role

a norm-governed pattern of action undertaken in accordance with social expectations

Moral agency view

gives full and equal moral status to allindividuals

who are capable of moral agency

Sentience view

the capacity to experience pleasure, pain,

and other conscious mental states

Social relationship view

moral status depends, not on an entity’s mental capacities,

but on the social or other relationships that connect it to human

moral agents. We have moral obligations to other human beings

because we have a natural capacity to care for and

about one another.

Genetic human view

 all members of the species Homo sapiens have

the same basic moral rights, from conception to death

Collectivist view

 can a corporate organization itself be

morally responsible (at least in part) for it’s

actions, much like a large-scale human being

Individualistic view

 a corporate organization is a multitude of inter-related people each of whom is more or less morally

responsible for what the organization does

Zygote

 is the initial cell formed when two gamete cells are joined by means of sexual reproduction;

ceases to be zygote once implanted in uterine wall

Embryo

 a new and distinct organism, after fertilization occurs, the 23 chromosomes of the sperm unite with the

23 chromosomes of the ovum

Corporations (Velasquez)

 An organized group of people who collectively carry

on some range of business activities

Conservative view of abortion

 life begins at conception and therefore abortion

must be wrong because it is murder

Liberal view of abortion

 a fetus does not become a person until birth, a woman may do whatever she pleases in and to her own body