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Details Title: Philosophy Description: Metaphysics Dualism Physicalism Total Flash Cards: 50 Created: 01/15/2004 13:13:05	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Empiricist View Definition personal identity is a matter of degree, is analyzable, not a matter of having the same soul Term Memory View Definition personal identity is preserved as long as continuity of memory is maintained Term Body View Definition personal identity is preserved as long as bodily continuity is maintained Term Absolute View Definition persons maintain strict identity through change Term 3 Views of Personal Identity Definition 1. Absolute View 2. Body View 3. Memory View Term Re-creation position of Immortality Definition when one dies, he becomes extinct, but at resurrection of the dead God recreates that person all over again out of nothing Term Immediate Resurrection position of Immortality Definition persons are given a temporal body while waiting for a final resurrected body Term Traditional position on Immortality Definition God alone possesses immortality in Himself Term 3 Positions on Immortality Definition 1. Traditional 2. Immediate Resurrection 3. Re-Creation Term Problem of Other Minds Definition If dualism is true, we can't know whether other people have minds Term Problem of Many Minds Definition If dualism is true, it is possible that there is more than one mind per body....this possibility leads to skepticism about other minds Term Eliminative Materialism Definition theories employing mental language should be replaced by theories employing physical language, since there are no mental states Term Functionalism Definition mental states are identical to functional states of a system Term Token-Token Identity Theory Definition each mental token is identical to some physical token, but there is no identity between types Term Type-type Identity Theory Definition mental state types are identical to physical state types Term Philosophical Behaviorism Definition mental states are identical to behaviors or dispositions to behave in particular ways, given certain inputs Term 5 Major positions within Physicalism Definition 1. Philosophical Behaviorism 2. Type-type Identity 3. Token-token Identity 4. Functionalism 5. Eliminative Materialism Term Nonreductive View Definition completely physical set of necessary and sufficient conditions for any mental entity is not necessary (or doesn't exist) Term Reductive View Definition possible to provide a completely physical set of necessary and sufficient conditions for any mental entity Term What makes something "physical"? Definition 1. capable of being described by the language of physical sciences 2. capable of being described without reference to consciousness Term Self-Presenting Properties Definition present themselves directly to the subject, subject has them immediatly in field of consciousness Term Physical Properties Definition possessed only by physical objects Term Mental Entity Definition subject is in a better position to know, has private access to: 1. sensations 2. propositional attitudes 3. acts of will/purposings Term Materialism Definition the only substances that are exist are material ones Term Intentionality Definition intrinsic directness towards an object Term Incorrigible Definition unable to be mistaken Term Ockham's Razor Objection Definition Do not multiply entities beyond what is necessary....dualism violates this Dualism is necessary because there are aspects of mental life that physicalism can't explain Term Objection from Evolution Definition If human persons are merely the result of evolutionary process, they are exclusively physical Human persons are not exclusively physical Term Interaction objection Definition How can a non-physical entity interact with a physical entity? assumes that knowing "how" is necessary for knowing "that" Term Substance Dualism Definition brain is physical object with physical properties and mind/soul is a mental substance with mental properties Term Property Dualism Definition there are some physical sumstances that have only physical properties, no mental substances One material substance with physical and mental properties.....brain Term Physicalism vs. Dualism Definition Physicalism: completely physical Dualism: physical and mental Term Mind-body Problem Definition Is human made of only one component (matter) or made of two components (mind and matter)? Do mind and matter interact and how does that interaction take place? Term Possibility Definition Physical: what is possible given the physical laws and facts Logical: as long as it is not logically contradictory Term Counterexample Definition Contrary to the propsal Try to show the view in question as false because it neglected an important possibility or suggested something impossible Term Kantian View Definition categories express the manner in which we understand reality, do not exist indepently of human thought and language Term Aristotelian View Definition categories are part of reality, they exist independtly of human thought and language Term Difference Between Naturalists and Ontologists Definition Ontologists: believe in the world and abstract entities Naturalists: view that the universe alone exists Term World Definition sum of everything that exists Term Universals Definition properties and relations can be in more than one thing at once or can relate more than one group at once Term Relations Definition entities that can relate 2 or more things and can be in more than one group of things at the same time Term Properties Definition entities that can be exemplified by many things at the same time Term Universe Definition sum of material objects accessible to the senses and scientific investigation Term Possible World Definition world that God could have created, could have logically existed Term Naturalistc Idea Definition everything is based on science, science is the main approach to investigating the world Term Impossible World Definition cannot exist, one that God could not create Term Actual World Definition real world of all and only entities that exist, the world God really created Term Methods for Metaphysics Definition 1. Take into account things already known (commonsense, Christian theology, knowledge of own self, other fields of study) 2. State metaphysical problem 3.Use thought experiments as sources for counterexamples Term 2 Branches of Metaphysics Definition 1. General Ontology: study nature of existance, general principles of being 2. Special Metaphysics: study of special interest (soul/mind), second order investigation (Sociology, Psychology, etc...) Term Metaphysics Definition study of nature of being or reality