Term
Anselm's Ontological Argument 
|
|
Definition
|
God is that which nothing greater can be conceived. We could not possibly imagine something to be greater than God, and since things which exist are greater than those which are imagined, God must exist for his description to be accurate.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
study of being or existence, or a particular theory about the nature of being 
|
|
|
Term
philosophy 
|
|
Definition
|
a discipline concerning: logic, ethics, metaphysics, and epistemology
|
|
|
Term
universal 
|
|
Definition
|
a type, a property, or a relation, of more than one thing at once. The noun universal contrasts with individual. The adjective universal contrasts with particular or sometimes with concrete.
|
|
|
Term
universe 
|
|
Definition
|
all particles and energy (aka spatial-temporal matter) that exist and the space-time in which all events occur.
|
|
|
Term
world 
|
|
Definition
|
a. everything that makes up reality b. the universe plus all abstract entities
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
study of the nature and scope of knowledge 
|
|
|
Term
metaphysics 
|
|
Definition
|
study of the fundamental nature of reality and being
|
|
|
Term
ethics 
|
|
Definition
|
the discipline dealing with
what is good and bad, and with moral duty and obligation
|
|
|
Term
logic 
|
|
Definition
|
the study of the principles and criteria of valid inference and demonstration.
|
|
|
Term
supernatural 
|
|
Definition
|
existence beyond the visible observable universe, especially relating to God, spirit, or devil
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
the inherent character or basic constitution of a person or thing
|
|
|
Term
accidental property (traditional & modern definitions) |
|
Definition
|
traditional: appearances of an object modern: most basic level of property, typically contingent (non-essential)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
belonging to the essential nature or constitution of a thing vs not forming part of or belonging to a thing
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
an entity that is particular, and occupies space-time vs an entity that is a non-spatial,
causally inert thing
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
things that are the foundational or fundamental entities of reality
|
|
|
Term
theology 
|
|
Definition
|
the study of God and of God's relation to the world
|
|
|
Term
pseudoscience
|
|
Definition
|
a system that claims to be scientific, but does not adhere to the basic requirements of the scientific method.
|
|
|
Term
intelligent design 
|
|
Definition
|
assertion that certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
the totality of all things, or ultimate reality vs being related to or dependant on some other element or aspect
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
the state or fact of having being
|
|
|
Term
actual 
|
|
Definition
|
existing in act or reality and not merely potentially
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
disassociated from any specific instance or object & the process of generalization wherein ideas are distanced from objects
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Excellence or high standard, especially ethical, for which humans strive
|
|
|
Term
deduction vs Induction 
|
|
Definition
|
inference in which the conclusion about particulars follows necessarily from general premises vs inference of a generalized conclusion from particular instances
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
derived by reasoning from self-evident propositions, independant of experience, generally deductive vs derived by reasoning from observed facts, dependent on experience, generally inductive
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
not capable of or susceptible to change
|
|
|
Term
omnipotence  |
|
Definition
|
having virtually unlimited authority, influence or power Almighty
|
|
|
Term
omniscience 
|
|
Definition
|
the capacity to know everything infinitely, or at least everything that can be known
|
|
|
Term
omnipresence 
|
|
Definition
|
ability to be present in all places at all times ubiquity
|
|
|
Term
benevolence 
|
|
Definition
|
a disposition to true goodness an expression of agape love
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
difficult to comprehend 
|
|
|
Term
transcendent 
|
|
Definition
|
extending or lying beyond the limits of ordinary experience or knowledge
|
|
|
Term
immanent 
|
|
Definition
|
being within the limits of possible experience or knowledge
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
entity beyond existence and sensory perception, i.e. supernatural
|
|
|
Term
aesthetic value 
|
|
Definition
|
nature of beauty and harmony, especially to human senses
|
|
|
Term
ambiguous 
|
|
Definition
|
uncertain, especially from obscurity capable of being understood in multiple ways
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
having reality as perceived in the mind vs having reality independent of the mind
|
|
|
Term
natural law vs positive law |
|
Definition
|
law or a specific principle held to be derived from nature vs law established or recognized by governmental authority
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
A statement whose predicate concept is contained in its subject concept. An example is: "all bachelors are unmarried." vs A statement whose predicate concept is different from its subject concept. An example is: "all bachelors are happy."
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
immediate apprehension or cognition without rational thought
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
a relation between a cause and its effect
|
|
|
Term
deconstruction 
|
|
Definition
|
critical method which asserts that metaphysical constructs are always rendered unstable by their dependence on ultimately arbitrary signifiers
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
invalid argument due to the transition from a set of premises to a conclusion vs invalidity of a single statement
|
|
|
Term
free will 
|
|
Definition
|
the doctrine that an individual, regardless of forces external to him, can and does choose at least some of his or her actions.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
concepts present in the mind at birth, as opposed to concepts arrived at through experience. 
|
|
|
Term
Logos 
|
|
Definition
|
a. the divine wisdom manifest in the creation, government, and redemption of the world (often identified with Jesus as Word of God) b : in Greek philosophy, reason that is the controlling principle in the universe
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
agreement or covenant by which men are said to have abandoned the "state of nature" to form the society in which they now live. 
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
something that suggests something else by reason of relationship or resemblance, especially a visible sign of something invisible
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
quality of good in human conduct & four natural virtues according to Plato: prudence (or wisdom), justice, temperance & fortitude (or courage)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
that which is alleged to stimulate the motivation of purposeful activity.
|
|
|
Term
world soul 
|
|
Definition
|
a universal spirit or soul that functions as an organizing principle for the world
|
|
|
Term
categorical imperative & deontology |
|
Definition
|
a moral obligation or command that is unconditionally and universally binding (Immanuel Kant) & approach to ethics that focuses on the rightness or wrongness of actions themselves, as opposed to the rightness or wrongness of the consequences of those actions (Immanuel Kant, C.D. Broad, W.D. Ross)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
metaphysical argument for the existence of God, or a first mover of the cosmos; the argument is based on the claim that God must exist due to the fact that the universe needs a cause
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
study of the methodological principles of interpretation (as of the Bible) 
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
"thing by itself" basic realities behind all sensory experience vs "thing that appears to us" an observable fact or event 
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
term applied to any system attempting to explain a series of events in terms of ends, goals, or purposes
|
|
|
