Term
'Floxacin'
ciprofloxacin
ofloxacin
levofloxacin |
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Definition
"FluoroquinolONES hurt attachments to your BONES"
MOA: inhibit DNA gyrase (TPI II)
Bactericidal
Uses: Gram negative UTI.
Low doses are reversible bacteriostatic. High doses converts topoisomerase to DNA damaging enzymes by dissociating enzyme from damaged DNA.
Contra: coadministration with tizanidine (cipro) causes cardiotoxicity. Pregnant women and children - damage to cartilage
Tox: GI upset |
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Term
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Definition
MOA: Form complex with DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
AT HIGH LEVELS - may inhibit human RNA pol.
USE: prophylaxis for meningoccal
Use with Isoniazid for TB
Contra: active nisseria meningitidis infection
Tox: minor hepatotoxicity, thrombocytopenia |
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Term
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Definition
4 R's
RNA pol inhibitor
Revs up microsomal P450
Red/orange body fluids
Rapid resistance if used alone |
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Term
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Definition
| RNA pol inhibitor that may deplete levels of clarithromycin |
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Term
Aminoglycosides:
Gentimycin
Neomycin
Amikacin
Tobramycin
Streptomycin |
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Definition
"Mean" GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes
NOT - nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Teratogen
MOA: Bactericidal -- binds 16S rRNA and 30S. Induction of mRNA misreading (low doses), high doses - inhibit protein synthesis, and synthesize abberant proteins that activate oxidative stress.
USE: serious fucking gram negative infections
Resistance: Plasmid, impaired drug entry (use with B-lactam), mutation of the drug target on 30S. |
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Term
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines |
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Definition
| "AT 30" - 30S subunit inhibitors |
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Term
Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin
Erythromycin
Lincomycin
Linezolid |
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Definition
Bacteriostatic drugs that inhibit 50S.
"CCELL (sell) at 50" |
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Term
Tetracyclines:
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Demeclocycline
Minocycline |
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Definition
MOA: binds 30S -- bacteriostatic, prevents attachment of aa-tRNA. Limited CNS penetration. Enters cells through energy dependent pathways.
MUST NOT take with milk or iron containing foods, inhibits drug absorption into the gut.
USE: VACUUM THe Bed Room
Vibrio cholera, Acne, Clamydia, Ureaplasma Urealyticum, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Tularemia, H pylori, Borrelia burgdorferi (lyme), Rickettsia
Tox: GI distress, discoloration of teeth, inhibit bone growth in children, photosensitivity
Contra: pregnancy
Resistance: efflux pumps |
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Term
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Definition
| a tetracycline that acts as an ADH antagonist; acts as D-iuretic in SIADH |
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Term
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Definition
tetracycline that is inactive in the gut, and reduces normal flora destruction. Decreased kidney secretion, increased secretion in feces in inactive form.
Lower incidence of nausea and vomitting |
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Term
Glycylcycline:
Tigecycline |
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Definition
Same MOA as tetracyclines
USE: skin or subcutaneous infections. Complicated abdominal infection, hospital acquired pneumonia.
(IV) |
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Term
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Definition
MOA: binds 16S RNA of 30S subunit.
Permits 70S formation, but inhibits translocation.
Administered parenterally.
USE: Gonorrheal infections. |
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Term
Macrolide
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin |
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Definition
MOA: inhibit protein synthesis, blocks 23S rRNA of 50S.
Bacteriostatic
USE: URI, STDs--gram positive cocci (strep infection for patients allergic to penicillin), Mycoplasma, Legionella, Chlamydia, Neisseria.
Tox: Prolonged QT interval, GI, acute cholestatic hepatitis, eosinophilia, skin rashes. Increase serum concentration of theophyllines and oral anticoagulants.
Inhibits P450, therefore increases concentration of other drugs.
Resistance: chromosomal mutations, methylases that alter 50S. |
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Term
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Definition
| 23S rRNA of 50S inhibitor. Has higher affinity from binding 23S rRNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| A macrolide with increased activity against H. Inf. and Moraxella |
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Term
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Definition
| Macrolide with increased activity against H. influenzae |
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Term
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Definition
MOA: inhibits 50S peptidyltransferase activity. Bacteriostatic.
Use: Broad spectrum, especially anaerobes and ricketssia. Meningitis.
Tox: Anemia, aplastic nemia, gray baby syndrome -- premature infants due to lack of UDP-glucuronyl transferase.
Hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficiency patients.
Antagonizes bactericidal effects of penicillins and aminoglycosides. Inhibits mitochondrial function.
INhibits hepatic metabolism of warfarin, phenytoin, tolbutamide, chlorpamide |
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Term
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Definition
MOA: blocks peptide formation at 50S ribosomal subunit. Bacteriostatic.
USE: treats anaerobes above the diaphragm.
Toxicity: pseudomembranous colitis (c. diff overgrowth), fever, diarrhea. |
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Term
Streptogramins
Dalfopristin/Quinupristin |
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Definition
MOA: Targets 50S ribosomal subunit
USE: vanco-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) + strep pyogenes. Skin infection caused by strep and staph.
TOX: SHOULD NOT BE administered with SSRIs - reduce serotonin syndrome.
Avoid co-admin with pimozide to avoid cardiotoxicity. |
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Term
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Definition
MOA: 50S inhibitor. precise mechanism unknown.
USE: VREF, MRSA, S. agalactiae, MR-S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes. Nosocomial pneumonia.
TOX: myelosuppression, optic and peripheral neuropathy. |
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Term
Pleuromutilins:
Retapamulin |
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Definition
MOA: 50S inhibitor
USE: impetigo due to MRSA or strept pyogenes. Topical Skin infections. |
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