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pharmocology
pharm
36
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 3
06/20/2011

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

What are the phases of drug developement?

Definition

preclinical trials(animals)

phaseI(healthy human volunteers)

phaseII(patients that have the disease)

phaseIII(vast clinical market)

phaseIV(after fda approval cont monitering)

Term
What are the three names given to drugs?
Definition

1.chemical- describe chemical structure

2.generic- simple name of drug(acetomenifen)

3.trade-name brand(tylenol)

Term
when a drug is doing what it is supposed to do
Definition
thereputic effect
Term
what is the teratogenic grading scale?
Definition

A.adequate studies have shown that it is safe

B.animal studies have shown that it is safe but no adequate studies have shown it is safe in humans

C.animal studies have shown adverse effects but no adequate studies in humans

D.evidence of of human fetal riskbut benefits may outweigh risks

X.evidence of adverse effects that outweigh any benefits.

Term
what is the schedules of controlled substances?
Definition

scheduleI-high abuse potential and no accepted med use

scheduleII-high abuse potential with severe dependency

scheduleIIIless abuse than II mod dependency

schedule IVless abuse than III limited dependency

sheduleV- limited abuse

Term
what is an orphan drug?
Definition
a drug that used to treat rare conditions and is not financially viable to drug companies
Term
what is critical concentration?
Definition
the concentration a drug must reach in the tissues to cause the desired effect
Term
what is a loading dose?
Definition
use of a higher dose than what is usually used for treatment to allow the drug to reach critical concentration
Term
what is biotransformation?
Definition
the process by which drugs are changed into new less active chemicals occurs in liver
Term
describe the first pass effect
Definition
when a drug is taken orally it passes through the portal venous system to the liver were a large portion of the oral dose it destroyed.
Term
what are the types of drug administration?
Definition

1.sublingual(under tongue)

2.IM(intra muscular)

3.Iv admin 4.subcutaneous

5.intra dermal 6.PO(oral)

7.intra orfice 8.topical

9.transdermal(patch)

10.inhalation

11.intrathecal(spinal cord)

 

 

Term
what can influence drug action?
Definition
age, weight, race, pathology, genetics, enviroment, psychological, tolerance, accumulative, interactions.
Term
what are the four types of adverse effects?
Definition

primary-extension of desired effects

secondary-other reaction beside what you wanted

hypersensitivity

allergy -anxious >heartrate hive

 

Term
what is serum sickness?
Definition
when the drug biproducts cause damage
Term
what are extra pyramidial side effects?
Definition

slow reflexes, rigidity, involuntary movements,

increased heart rate, fever

Term
what are parkinson like side effects?
Definition
muscle tremors, changes in gait, drooling. spasms, akinesia, restlessness
Term
aminoglycosides prototype, therapeutic actions,pharmokinetics
Definition

gentamicin

wide spectrum gram-

Im or Iv

Term

aminoglycosides contraindictions

and cautions, adverse effects

Definition

ototoxic, neurotoxic,and nephrotoxic

NVD,sinusitis,dizziness,rash,fever

risk of nephrotoxicity

Term
cephalosporins prototype,therapeutic actions,pharmokinetics
Definition

cefaclor(2nd gen cephalosporin)

treatment of resp,otitis media,skin,uti,

typhoid fever,anthrax

gram- some+

usually po

 

 

Term

cephalosporins contraindications,

adverse effects

Definition

nephrotoxicity

NVD,rash,superinfection,bone marrow depression,pseudomembranous colitis

Term

Fluoroquinolones prototype,

therapeutic actions

pharmokinetics

Definition

ciprofloxacin

wide spectrum gram-

resp,skin,uti,ear,eye,bone and joint,

anthrax, typhoid fever

po

Term

fluoroquinolones contraindications,

adverse effects

Definition

do not give to children causes legions

on developing cartilage

headache,dizziness,hypotension,NVD,fever,rash, photosensitivity

dont take with antacids

Term

extended spectrum penicillins prototype,

therepeutic actions,pharmokinetics

Definition

amoxicillin, broad spectrum,

Po rapidly absorbed in gi

Term

penicillin cautions,adverse effects,

drug-drug interactions

Definition

penicillin allergy, NVD,glossitis, stomatitis, bone marrow suppression, rash, fever, superinfection, lethargy,

if taken with aminoglcosides will

deactivate aminoglycosides

Term

sulfonamides prototype,

actions, pharmokinetics

Definition

cotrimoxazole(a combo drug), treat uti,otitis

media in kids,chronic bronchitis,travelers diarrhea,

po rapidly absorbed in GI

Term
sulfonamides caution,adverse effects
Definition

dont give to pregnant or breastfeeding women,

NVD, hepatocellular necrosis, hematuria, bone marrow suppression, stevens-johnson syndrome, rash, urticaria,photophobia, fever, chills

Term

tetracycline prototype, therapeutic actions,

pharmokinetics

Definition

tetracycline, wide spectrum when

penicillin cannot be used,

Po and topical, absorbs adequetly, take on empty

stomache no milk antacids or iron products

Term
tetracycline cautions, adverse effects, drug-drug interactions
Definition

use with caution in pregnant women and young children causes damage to devloping bone and teeth,

NVD, super infection, damage to teeth,

yeast infections, photosensitivity,

weakens oral contreceptives,



Term

antituberculosis prototype, therapeutic action,

pharmo kinetics

Definition

isoniazid, treatment of TB as part of combination therapy, prophylactic for household members of someone with TB,

po generally well absorbed.

Term
antituberculosis cautions, adverse effects
Definition

possible adverse effects on fetus,

NVD, cns effects neuritis, dizziness, headache, malaise, drowsiness,and hallucinations

Term
what is the prototype for agents for herpes?
Definition
acyclovir
Term

acyclovir side effects and

nursing implications

Definition

renal dysfunction, head ache,vertigo,

tremors, nausea vomiting

give fluids to fight renal dysfunction, should not be used with pregnant women or children

Term
what is the prototype for azoles?
Definition
flucanazole to treat fungal infections
Term

what are the side effects and nursing

implications of fluconazole?

Definition

severe hepatic toxicity, can cause severe

effects on fetus or nursing baby

 

Term
antiprotozoal prototype, what it does
Definition

metronidazole

treats parasites giardia, trypanosoma,etc

Term
antiprotozoal side effects and nursing implications
Definition

cns effects, gi effects ,liver damage, superinfections,

avoid giving to breast feeding women,

do not combine with alcohol, or anticoagulants

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