no longer used in US

Mechanism: prostaglandin analog, PGF2, contracts uterus muscles

Treatment: Induces abortion

Side-effects: cardiovascular collapse

Mechanism: PGE₁ analog given with antiprogestins (RU486), effective during first 7 weeks following conception. Abortion pill = mifepristone and misoprostol. Cytoprotective, inhibits gastric acid secretion at higher doses

Treatment: terminate pregnancy

Side-effects: bronchodilation, inhibits platelet aggregation, abdominal discomfort and diarrhea, bone pain and hyperostosis, recurrent calcium oxalate kidney stones

latanoprost

unoprostone

bimatoprost

travoprost

Mechanism: PGF derivative, prodrug hydrolyzed in cornea, increases uveoscleral outflow

Treatment: glaucoma, ocular hypertension

Side-effects: conjuctival hyperemia, irritation, brown pigmentation of the iris

Mechanism: Induce synthesis of "lipocortins" (annexins) - inhibit phospholipase A2. Inhibit lipases that release arachidonic acid from membranes. Suppress induction of COX-2. Immunosuppressive

annexins/lipocortins control release of TX and LT by inhibition of Phospholipase A2

Mechanism: Inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 to varying degrees. Does not suppress 5-lipoxygenase. May provoke aspirin intolerance syndrome (severe gastric upset & ulcers, typically affects women w/asthma)

shunts to leukotriene production, thus paradoxically pro-inflammatory

Mechanism: 5-Lipoxygenase inhibitor

Treatment: Asthma

Side-effects: contraindicated patients with liver disease

Montelukast

Zafirlukast

Mechanism: LTRA, leukotriene receptor antagonist

Treatment: Asthma

Side-Effects: 

PGE₂

-Vasodilator, bronchodilator 

-used in initiating and maintaining labor (contracts uterus)

 -decreases intraocular pressure probably through increased outflow of aqueous humor from anterior chamber

-inhibits gastric secretion and stimulates secretion of protective mucus

-can provoke a watery diarrhea

vaginal suppository

Treatment: evacuation of uterus in cases of fetal death or hydratidifom mole,softens cervix at term to facilitate labor

Mechanism: intracavernosal injection, vasodilation and relaxation of corporal smooth muscle, keeps ductus arteriosus patent

Treatment: ED, keep ductus arteriosus patent (COX inhibitors close it)

Epoprostenol (PGI₂)

Treprostinil

Mechanism: vasodilator pulmonary vessels, bronchodilator, inhibits platelet aggregation. Treprostinil is a benzidine analog that has a longer half-life and more stable at room temperature

Treatment: Pulmonary hypertension, prevent platelet aggregation during hemodialysis

Side-effect:BP needs to be supported with pressor drugs

Mechanism: inhibits release of eicosanoids

Treatment: prophylaxis of asthma (given when suspect onset of asthma)