Term
|
Definition
Are DNA viruses
Most common are Herpes Simplex Virus HSV
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)
Cytamegalovirus (CMV)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Herpes genitalis-- genital herpes infection
Herpes Labialis-- infection of the lips and mouth
Herpes Keratoconjunctivitis-- infection of the cornea and conjunctiva
Herpetic encephalitis--less common -- can be fatal |
|
|
Term
| Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) |
|
Definition
Cause of chicken pox-- varicella
Cause of shingles-- herpes zoster
New vaccine Zostavax for herpes zoster
Indicated for those >50yrs -- very $$ 250.00 |
|
|
Term
Nucleoside Analogues
ie Acyclovir, Ganciclovir
|
|
Definition
Effective in the treatment of various HSV and VZV
Not sufficient against CMV for treatment but can be used for prophylaxis of CMV infections.
Inhibit viral DNA polymerase by incorporating into the viral DNA
Acyclovir causes DNA chain termination-- Ganciclovir does not |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Zovirax
Nucleoside Analogue
Used for HSVand VZV
Available-- oral , topical, IV
Inhibits viral DNA polymerase and causes DNA chain termination
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cytovene
Nucleoside Analogue
Use for Cytomegalovirus
Available oral or IV |
|
|
Term
NRTI
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
|
|
Definition
After virus penetrates the host cell and becomes uncoated, the viral RNA is transcribed by reverse transcriptase to form viral DNA. This is the point of action for this drug.
NRTI were the first class of drugs developed for HIV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Retrovir
NRTI
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
Oral and IV
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Epivir
Oral
NRTI-- Nucloside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
Has demonstrated activity against Hepatitis B virus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Emtriva
NRTI--Nucleocide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor |
|
|
Term
Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
NNRTI |
|
Definition
Directly inhibit reverse transcriptase but are not incorporated into the viral DNA
Inhibits transcriptase enzyme on and allosteric site of the enzyme
Administered orally
Are never used alone to treat HIV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Viramune
NNRTI
Act on the allosteric site of the transcritase enzyme in the cytosol
Side effects are hepatoxicity, rash,
Induces Cytochrome P450 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sustiva
NNRTI
Side effects include Neurophyciatric reactions and teratogenic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
They block viral assembly to the protein coat by inhibiting proteolytic activity required for the viral RNA to mature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Crixavan
Protease Inhibitor-- blocks viral assembly to the protein coat
Side effects include--lipodystrophy, hyperlipidemia, elevated liver function tests, inhibits other protease inhibitors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Reyataz
Protease Inhibitor-- blocks viral assembly to the protein coat
Side effects include-- hyperbillirubinemia, PR interval prolongation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Norvir
Protease Inhibitor-- blocks viral assembly to protein coat
Side effects-- GI intolerance, Hepatitis, Inhibits metabolism of other drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Viread
NRTI--nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| Atripla --combination product |
|
Definition
Enfavirenz (Sustiva)
Emtricitabine (Emtriva)
Tenofovir (Viread) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inhibits fusion of virus to host cell
Example::Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Symmetrel
For Influenza Crosses CNS therefore acts in human cells too
Prevents uncoating of the virus by blocking fusion of virus with endoplasma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Flumadine
For Influenza A
Prevents uncoating of the virus by blocking fusion of virus with endoplasma
Does NOT cross the CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inhibit enzyme needed for viral spread in both Influenza A and B by inhibiting neuraminidase which normally catalyzes the release of virions and respiratory tract mucus that would otherwise prevent spread of virions
Decrease symptoms and duration-- may be used prophylactically |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tamiflu
For influenza A and B
Orally active neuraminidase inhibitors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Relenza
Neuraminidase inhibitors
Inhibit enzyme needed for viral spread in both A and B
Decrease symptoms and duration
|
|
|
