Term
| Drug used for hypertensive emergency |
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Definition
| Vasodilators; Minoxidil (loniten), diazoxide (hyperstat IV), sodium nitroprusside (Nitropress). Vasodilators decrease the workload of the heart. Can dilate the arterioles and/or veins |
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Term
PT ed with nitroglycerin
(organic, stable/variant angina, vasodilator) |
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Definition
| Do not withdraw abruptly, S/S of orthostatic HTN, HA (when applying ointment-wear gloves), tachycardia, flushing, dizziness, rash w/patches |
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Term
| Assessments with pt on diuretics |
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Definition
| monitor BP, diet high in potassium, monitor fluids (retention), S/S dehydration, potassium supplements, orthostatic HTN, thirst is SE, take with meals, report wght gain/loss, monitor I&O |
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Term
| Pharmacologic goals for treatment of angina |
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Definition
| Prevent MI or death and anginal pain |
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Term
| Pt ed for pts taking antidysrhythmics drugs |
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Definition
| Patient skilled in taking pulse, recognize health status changes, reduce CV risk factors, avoid alcohol, common SE-diarrhea, med ID tag |
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Term
Beta-blockers and pts with COPD
Beta-blocker-DOC---Propranolol |
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Definition
| Causes bronchospasms (inderal)-should be used caution |
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Term
| Lab tests for heparin and coumadin |
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Definition
Heparin-PTT (Partial thrombosplastin time) 20-
30sec
Coumadin-PT (Prothrombin time) 12-15sec
INR (International normalized ratio) 2.5 |
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Term
| Antidotes for heparin and coumadin |
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Definition
| Vitamin K/protamine sulfate |
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Term
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Definition
| Suppresses coagulation by helping antithrombin inactivate clotting factors-thrombin & factor Xa. Administer by injection only |
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Term
| Process for changing pt from heparin to coumadin |
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Definition
| Never just stop heparin; start coumadin while weaning off heparin |
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Term
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Definition
Warfarin-an oral anticoagulant-prevention
Heparin-911 onset |
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Term
Uses for Ticlid (Ticlopidine)
Antiplatelet Drug |
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Definition
| Prevention of thrombotic stroke |
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Term
| When best to give a tissue plasminogen activator (time frame) uses: MI, ischemic stroke or PE |
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Definition
Not given if pain present for more than 12hrs; best if given within 4-6 hours; guidelines suggest w/i 30min.
Accelerated: Front-loaded schedule; scheduled infusion time is 90 minutes compared to 3 hours in the past |
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Term
| Drug for pain/HA etc if taking coumadin |
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Definition
NO NSAIDS
Take Tylenol-Acetaminophen |
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Term
MOA of ASA
First Generation NSAIDS |
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Definition
Nonselective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase; Reductions in pain & inflammation-inhibiting COX2
Protection against MI and ischemic stroke-inhibiting COX1 |
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Term
| MOA of epoetin alfa-growth factor-erythrocytes (RBCs) |
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Definition
| produced by recombinant DNA technology; protein is identical to human erythropoietin-a natural hormone. Stimulates bone growth |
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Term
| Assessment with pt taking digoxin (also) when to give and not give |
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Definition
| Monitor pulse (full minute) prior to administration; hold medication if pulse is <60-call Dr. |
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Term
| Pt teaching with ACE inhibitors---esp with orthstatic hypotension |
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Definition
| Low blood pressure=orthostatic hypotension, especially with elderly-fall risk. SE=cough |
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Term
| Pt ed with cholesterol lowering drugs---esp with how to increase HDL |
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Definition
| Diet/exercise is first line of therapy - best way to increase HDL. Statins have greatest impact when given daily at night. Have patient limit cholesterol and saturated fat. |
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Term
| SE of nitroglycerin---causes of headache |
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Definition
| Wear gloves when applying ointment; dosing may be too high |
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Term
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Definition
| Profound effect of the electrical and mechanical properties of the heart; increase mycardio contractility, which increases blood to the kidneys-which increases urine, increases CO |
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Term
| Major obstacles to successful chemotherapy |
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Definition
| Death of healthy cells, cure=100% kill, absence of early detection, solid tumors respond poor, drug resistance, limited drug access to tumor cells |
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Term
| Why used of Allopurinol in chemotherapy |
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Definition
| increases amounts of uric acid-hyperuricimia that develops secondary to cancer chemo-cells dye=breakdown of DNA releases uric acid-administer before starting chemo |
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Term
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Definition
| Myopathy; rhabdomyolysis...S/S unexplained muscle pain/stiffness |
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Term
| When pt should take a diuretic (MOA) |
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Definition
| Take early in the morning to minimize nocturia, when taken 2x p/d; take at 8am and 2pm; restrict K-rich food-nuts, dried fruit, spinach, citrus fruit, potatoe or bananas |
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Term
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Definition
| stress diet unless on K sparing diuretic, monitor BP, pulse, weight, take med immediately if missed. Signs of dehydration, id tag |
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Term
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Definition
| Blocks Na+ and chloride reabsorption |
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Term
| Assessment with Pt taking diuretics |
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Definition
| BP, pulse, dehyd, weight, |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| tx diarrhea, reduce fluid vol/discharge from ileostomy. Allow fluid absorption. |
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Term
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Definition
| Neutralize acids and prevent the conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin in the stomach; react with gastric acid to produce neutral salts or salts of low acidity; enhance mucosal protection by stimulating production of prostoglandins |
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Term
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Definition
| Constipation and diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
| Promote healing by suppressing secretions of gastric acid; decrease amount of acid in stomach |
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Term
| Goal of antineoplastic therapy |
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Definition
| decrease size of neoplasms so immune system can deal with it, may include cure, decrease tumor size, relieve symptoms, kill metastisis cells, prolong life. |
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Term
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Definition
| N/V, diarrhea, toxicty, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, bone marrow suppression, anemia |
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Term
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Definition
Suppressing secretions of gastric acid, PPIs (protein pump inhibitor) most effective drug
Goals: eleviate complications/symptoms, heal, prevent complication and reccurrence |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulate intestinal motility, increase amount of water and electrolytes in the intestinal lumen; used for opioid induced constipation/constipation from slow intestinal transit |
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Term
| Nsg interventions of stomatitis assoc with chemo |
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Definition
| include oral hygiene, bland diet, topical oral antifungal drugs for infection. Mild: mouthwash with topical antisthetic and antifunal, severe case: use of opiods. |
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Term
| Why combination chemotherapy |
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Definition
| Drug combo benefit, suppression of drug resistance, increased cancer kill (different cycles of the cell), reduction of injury to health cells. Growth fraction of the cells |
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Term
| Meaning of cell cycle specific in chemotherapy |
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Definition
| Cells have phases, -when specific, only toxic to cells that are in a particular growth phase-must be in blood for a long period of time |
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Term
| Type of laxative for pt lacking fiber in the diet |
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Definition
| Bulk-forming; functions like dietary fiber-swell with H2o to form a gel to soften the fecal mass and increase the mass. METAMUCIL |
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Term
| SE of 1st generation antihistamines |
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Definition
| Drowsiness/sedative (Benedryl) |
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Term
| When not to give antihistamines |
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Definition
| Pregnant or lactating women; monitor elderly and children |
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Term
ASA and Pt having surgery
ASA Promotes bleeding inhibits platelet aggregation |
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Definition
| For surgeries where lots of bleeding is possible, discontinue high doses of aspirin one week prior to procedure. For low-bleeding risk surgeries (dental); there is no reason to discontinue aspirin therapy. |
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Term
| SE of COX-2 inhibitors (major) |
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Definition
| Cardiovascular risks; MI & stroke. Dyspepsia, abd pain, renal toxicity. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain, dysmenorrhea, familial ademonatous polyposis |
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Term
Pt Assessment and pts taking glucocorticoids
Suppress immune response/prevent rejection |
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Definition
| Increased risk for infection, thinning of skin, bone dissolution with fx, impaired growth in children, suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis |
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Term
| How to take pts off of steroids |
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Definition
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Term
| Who should not be taking high dose steroids |
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Definition
| Ptnts with systemic fungal infections; receiving live virus vaccines, pediatric patients & pregnancy/breast-feeding |
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Term
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Definition
| Give patient antigen and hope they develop antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| AVOID grapefruit juice-increases response; more likely to experience SE |
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Term
|
Definition
| nephrotoxicity, infection, HTN, sinusitis, hyperkalemia, anaphylactic reactions |
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Term
| Med for children prior to getting immunizations |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Hypoglycemia; must eat w/i 30minutes of taking |
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Term
| Reason for tight control of BG in DM |
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Definition
| To achieve primary goal-prevent long-term complications; reduction in microvascular complications; greatly reduces mortality and morbidity |
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Term
| Reason to rotate injection sites with insulin admin |
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Definition
| minimize adverse local reactions; formation of hollows or depressions in the skin "orange peel" |
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Term
|
Definition
| promote cellular glucose uptake and metabolism |
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Term
|
Definition
| hepatic and renal function tests, blood glucose levels, vit b12 and folic acid levels |
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Term
| Beta blockers and hypoglycemia |
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Definition
| Drug interaction/block the bodies interpretation of hypoglycemia. Increase effects of insulin. |
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Term
| Type of insulin used for IV admin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Benefit of using long acting glargine insulin |
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Definition
| provides basal level of insulin throughout the night and the following day; provides tight glucose control. levels steady over 24 hrs. reduce hypoglycemia. |
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Term
| When to check BS level when switching from insulin to an oral hypoglycemic drug |
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Definition
| more frequently, additional teaching needed |
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Term
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Definition
| rx w/gastrica acid to produce neutral salts/salts w/ low acidity, decrease destruction of gut wall, enhance mucosal protection stimulating production of prostaglandins, prevent the conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin in stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| constipation or diarrhea, caution in renal impaired pt., may prevent the absorption of other meds, can cause retention of K |
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Term
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Definition
| Decrease amt of acid in the stomach, want to use up the H so pt doesn't make more HCL, promote healing by suppressing secretions of gastric acid |
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Term
| CHF treatment goals relief of symptoms...... |
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Definition
| slowing HR, increasing contractility, reducing cardiac workload |
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Term
|
Definition
| Stimulates bone marrow to produce red blood ells |
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Term
|
Definition
| TX of chemo induced neutropenia |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Decrease neutropenia and risk of infection |
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Term
|
Definition
| Increase number of leukocytes |
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Term
| Patient teaching storage for Insulin |
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Definition
| do not freeze, keep in fridge, after opening-good for one month, keep out of direct sunlight and extreme heat |
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Term
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Definition
| decreases appetite, inhibits glucose production in liver; reduces glucose absorption slightly in gut |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| drowsiness, red/dry skin, fruity breath, anorexia, abdominal pain, N/V, dry mouth, increased urination, rapid-deep breathing, thirsty, weight loss |
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Term
|
Definition
| Increased anxiety, blurred vision, chilly, cold sweating, pallor, confusion, difficulty concentrating, drowsiness, HA, nausea, increased pulse, shakiness, increased weakness, increased appetite |
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Term
| Nursing Teaching-insulin has which drug effect? |
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Definition
| Enhances carbohydrate metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
MONA B
Morphine, O2, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin, Beta Blockers |
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Term
|
Definition
MONA B
Morphine, O2, Nitroglycerin, aspirin, beta blockers |
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