Tyrosine kinase receptor

transmembrane

2 alpha and 2 beta subunits

released when insulin is released

we don't know why it's there or what it does

**c-peptide is only released in bodily produced insulin- not in insulin treatments! good for forensic purposes

Aspart (shortest)

Lispro

Regular (longest)

• homologous with a regular human insulin with the exception of a substitute 
• is produced by recombinant DNA technmology
• monomeric
• may eat 10 min after dosing
• in combination wit basal insulin (intermediate-acting insulin)

• identical to human insulin except transposition
• reduced capacity for self-association in solution translates to more rapid absorption of insulin from subcutaneous sites
• monomeric

• non-crystallized insulins formulated with Zn: *dimeric & hexameric
• only form available in IV form

• NPH
• NPH/ Regular

• insulin or isophane insulin
• hexameric crystals with Zn
• longer crystals= longer action

Lente

Ultralente

Glargine

Detemir

lente

ultralente

70% crystalline/ 30% amorphous

ratio pH dependent

100% crystalline

ratio pH dependent

• glargine
• recombinant DNA
• increases isoelectric point= precipitation of insulin at injection point

• cut one amino acid

Rough guide: patients require a total daily insulin does of 1/2 an unit for each kg of their ideal weight

Daytime requirements= 2/3

Nighttime= 1/3

Height 178 cm

178 cm- 100= ideal weight 78 kg

78/2 = 39 units/d 26 u in the morning and 13 in the evening

• works mostly for Type 1 diabetes
• estimates the point drop in mgdl per unit of Lispro or Aspart
• 1800/ TDD (total daily dose) = point drop per unti

• Same as 1800 except using regular insulin