Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
hydrochlorothiazide
treats? |
|
Definition
| ascites, edema, HF, HTN, nephritic syndrome |
|
|
Term
hydrochlorothiazide
therapeutic effects? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
hydrochlorothiazide
adverse effects? |
|
Definition
hypotension, palpations, dizziness, musculoskeletal weakness or cramping, ototoxicity,
hyperglycemia (diabetics)
agranulocytosis |
|
|
Term
hydrochlorothiazide
contraindications? |
|
Definition
anuria or prior hypersensitivies
pre-eclampsia or other preg induced HTN |
|
|
Term
hydrochlorothiazide
interactions? |
|
Definition
reduce effects of anticoagulants, sulfonyluureas, antidiabetic drugs (insulin)
risk of renal toxicity from NSAIDs
decreased lithium toxicity |
|
|
Term
hydrochlorothiazide
overdose? |
|
Definition
| treated with infusion of electrolytes--prevents dehydration and hypotension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| actue HF--removes large amounts of fluids quickly |
|
|
Term
furpsemide
adverse effects? |
|
Definition
hypokalemia
dehydration and hypotension
hypovalemia may cause orthostatic hypotension and syncope |
|
|
Term
furpsemide
contraindications? |
|
Definition
| anuria, hepatic coma, severe fluid or electrolyte depletion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use with corticosteroids, amphotericin B, or K+ depleting drugs can = hypokalemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypotension and severe fluid/electrolyte loss--treated with fluids and admin of vasopressors |
|
|
Term
chlorothiazide
pharm class? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid retention due to HF, liver disease, and corticosteroid/estrogen therapy |
|
|
Term
chlorothiazide
adverse effects? |
|
Definition
| thirst, weakness, lethargy, muscle cramping, hypotension, and tachycardia--due to excess water loss |
|
|
Term
chlorothiazide
contraindications? |
|
Definition
| anuria, hypokalemia, severe hepatic/renal impairment, hypersensitivity to sulfonamides |
|
|
Term
chlorothiazide
interactions? |
|
Definition
| concurrent use with digoxin may cause toxicity due to increased K and mag |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
spironolactone
pharm class? |
|
Definition
| K sparing diuretic, aldosterone antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mild HTN--reduce edema associated with kidney/liver disease and effective in slowing the progression of HF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| give with food to increase absorption |
|
|
Term
spironolactone
adverse effects? |
|
Definition
| hyperkalemia--fatigue, muscle weakness, bradycardia |
|
|
Term
spironolactone
adverse effects (men) |
|
Definition
| gynecomastia, impotennce, diminished libido |
|
|
Term
spironolactone
adverse effect (women) |
|
Definition
| menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, and breast tenderness |
|
|
Term
spironolactone
contraindicatios? |
|
Definition
pregnancy and lactation
anuria, significant impairment of renal function, or hyperkalemia |
|
|
Term
spironolactone
interactions? |
|
Definition
ammonium chlorid= acidosis
aspirin/salicylates= decrease diuretic effect
may decrease effects of digoxin |
|
|
Term
patients taking K wasting
(thiazides, thiazide-like, loop diuretics)
good foods? |
|
Definition
strawberry, bananas, dried apricots/prunes, tomatoes, beets, dried beans, OJ, grapefruit/prune juice and fresh meat
GOOD SOURCES OF K |
|
|
Term
K sparing diuretics
avoid foods? |
|
Definition
| anything high in K--gatorage/powerade |
|
|
Term
gout prone patients
avoid foods? |
|
Definition
| shell fish, organ meats(liver/kidneys), alcohol, and high fructose beverages |
|
|
Term
| patient taking diuretics should report immediaatley? |
|
Definition
signs of diabetes(polydipsia, polyphagia) elevated blood sugar
flu-like symptoms, persistent tinnitus, balance/coord problems
weight gain more than 2lbs in 24 hrs |
|
|
Term
digoxin
Therapeutic: drug for HF
pharm class? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
digoxin
Therapeutic: drug for HF
treats? |
|
Definition
| dysrythmias, alleviates symptoms of HF, pulmonary congestion, and peripheral edema |
|
|
Term
digoxin
Therapeutic: drug for HF
actions/uses? |
|
Definition
increase contractility or strength of myocardial contraction
(positive inotropic action)
inhibits Na/K ATPase |
|
|
Term
digoxin
Therapeutic: drug for HF
admin alerts? |
|
Definition
use caution with geriatric/pediatric patient
(inadequate renal/hepatic metabolic enzymes)
positive inotrope and slows heart rate at it strengthens contactility |
|
|
Term
digoxin
Therapeutic: drug for HF
adverse effects? |
|
Definition
Most Dang: ability to creat dysrythmias--especially in patients with hypokalemia or impaired renal funct
nausea, vomiting, fatigue, anorexia and visual disturb
(report immediately) |
|
|
Term
digoxin
Therapeutic: drug for HF
contraindicatiosn? |
|
Definition
patients with AV block or ventricular dysrythmias
older adults, patients with impaired renal function, MI, cor pulmonale, or hypothyrodism |
|
|
Term
digoxin
Therapeutic: drug for HF
interactions? |
|
Definition
decrease effects: ACE inhibitor, spironolactone, K supp can lead to hyperkalemia
quinidine, verapamil, amiodarone, and alprazolam will decrease the distribution and excretion increasing risk of toxicity |
|
|
Term
digoxin
Therapeutic: drug for HF
herbal/foods? |
|
Definition
ginseng may increase risk of toxicity
Ma huang and ephedra may incuce dysrhythmias |
|
|
Term
digoxin
Therapeutic: drug for HF
overdose? |
|
Definition
can be fatal
(digibind)- IV fusion |
|
|
Term
digoxin
Therapeutic: drug for HF
patient knowledge? |
|
Definition
increase K rish foods: bananas, apricots, kidney beans, sweet potatoes, and peanut butter
Immediately report: severe SOB, frothy sputum, profound fatigue, swellling extremities [ heart failure]
sign of HF: increasing dypsnea/postrual nocturnal dyspnea, rales or "crackles" in lungs, frothy pink-tinged sputm |
|
|
Term
digoxin
Therapeutic: drug for HF
patient and meds? |
|
Definition
take only exact dose--do NOT double up if missed dose
(small amounts results in toxicity) |
|
|
Term
Nitroglycerin
Therapeutic: Anti-anginal drug
pharm class? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Nitroglycerin
Therapeutic: Anti-anginal drug
therapeutic effects? |
|
Definition
chest pain subsides/lessens, heart rate/BP remain WNL, and ECG remains WNL w/o signs of ischemia/infarct
* preload/afterload diminish, decreasing the workload of the heart and decreasing myocardial O2 need, chest pain diminishes |
|
|
Term
Nitroglycerin
Therapeutic: Anti-anginal drug
admin alerts? |
|
Definition
use glass bottle and special tubing
avoid exposure to light |
|
|
Term
Nitroglycerin
Therapeutic: Anti-anginal drug
interactions? |
|
Definition
| concurrent use with viagra/levitra may cause life threatening hypotension and cardiovascular collapse |
|
|
Term
Nitroglycerin
Therapeutic: Anti-anginal drug
overdose? |
|
Definition
| reversed with admin of IV normal saline |
|
|
Term
Nitroglycerin
Therapeutic: Anti-anginal drug
patient knowledge |
|
Definition
use pain rating scale b4/after to asses for relief
report changes in: character, severity, or frequency of angina episode
Report: dizziness, faintness, palpations, or headaches |
|
|
Term
Nitroglycerin
Therapeutic: Anti-anginal drug
patient knowledge (2) |
|
Definition
always remove old patch, clean skin and rotate sites
IMMED Report: changes in mental status, LOC, dizziness, dyspnea, increasing productive cough (frothy sputum)
lung congestion may signal impending HF |
|
|
Term
procainamide
therapeutic: anti-dysrythmic
pharm class? |
|
Definition
| Na channel blocker/ Class 1 |
|
|
Term
procainamide
therapeutic: anti-dysrythmic
action/uses? |
|
Definition
broad-spectrum dru-corrects many types of atrial/ventricular dysrythmias
reduce automaticity and slowing conduction of the action potential across the myocardium |
|
|
Term
procainamide
therapeutic: anti-dysrythmic
admin alerts? |
|
Definition
| use supine postion during IV admin b/c severe hypotension may occur |
|
|
Term
procainamide
therapeutic: anti-dysrythmic
adverse effects? |
|
Definition
nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, hypotension, and headaches
high dose may produce CNS effects (confusion/psychosis) |
|
|
Term
procainamide
therapeutic: anti-dysrythmic
contraindications? |
|
Definition
| patients with complete AV block, severe CHF, blood dyscrasis, and myasthenia gravis |
|
|
Term
procainamide
therapeutic: anti-dysrythmic
interactions? |
|
Definition
| anticholinergic/anti-dysrythmics if use concurrently will increase effects |
|
|
Term
procainamide
therapeutic: anti-dysrythmic
overdose? |
|
Definition
| targeted at reversing hypotension with vasopressors and treat/prevent dysrythmias |
|
|
Term
propanolol
therapeutic: class 2 anti-dysrythmic
pharm? |
|
Definition
| beta-andrenergic antagonist |
|
|
Term
propanolol
therapeutic: class 2 anti-dysrythmic
treats? |
|
Definition
| hypertension, angina, migraine headaches and prevention of MI |
|
|
Term
propanolol
therapeutic: class 2 anti-dysrythmic
admin alerts? |
|
Definition
abrupt DC may cause MI, severe hypertension, and ventricular dysrythmias
if pulse is below 60/min (notify provider) |
|
|
Term
propanolol
therapeutic: class 2 anti-dysrythmic
adverse effects? |
|
Definition
fatigue, hypotension, bradycardia
males: diminished libido/imptence (nonadherence)
diabetics: mask hypoglycemia
renal impairment=toxicity |
|
|
Term
propanolol
therapeutic: class 2 anti-dysrythmic
contraindications? |
|
Definition
cardiogenic shock, sinus bradycardia
(depressive effect on heart)
COPD/asthma=constricts smooth muscles of airway |
|
|
Term
propanolol
therapeutic: class 2 anti-dysrythmic
interactions? |
|
Definition
not given within 2 weeks of MAOI
(severe bradycardia/hypotension)
ethanol/antacids containing aluminum hydroxide gel
(slow absorption) |
|
|
Term
amiodarone
therapeutic class: class 3- antidysrythmic
pharm class? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
amiodarone
therapeutic class: class 3- antidysrythmic
treat? |
|
Definition
resistant ventricular tachycardia that may prove life-threatening
drug of choice for atrial dysrythmias in pts with HF |
|
|
Term
amiodarone
therapeutic class: class 3- antidysrythmic
admin alerts? |
|
Definition
| hypokalemia/hypomagnesium should be correct prior to therapy |
|
|
Term
amiodarone
therapeutic class: class 3- antidysrythmic
adverse effects? |
|
Definition
most serious: pneumonia-like syndrome
blurred vision, rashes, photsensitivity, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fatigue, dizziness, hypotension |
|
|
Term
amiodarone
therapeutic class: class 3- antidysrythmic
interactions? |
|
Definition
enhances effect of anticoagulants
increase serum digoxin 70% |
|
|
Term
amiodarone
therapeutic class: class 3- antidysrythmic
overdose? |
|
Definition
atropine or isoproterenol= reverse bradycardia
vasopressors= reverse hypotension |
|
|
Term
verapamil
therapeutic: class 4, anti-dysrythmic
pharm class? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
verapamil
therapeutic: class 4, anti-dysrythmic
action/uses? |
|
Definition
vessels: CCBs lower BP, reducing cardiac workload
heart: slows conduction velocity, stabilizes dysrythmias
dilates coronary arteries: important with angina |
|
|
Term
verapamil
therapeutic: class 4, anti-dysrythmic
admin? |
|
Definition
| ensure solution is clear and colorless |
|
|
Term
verapamil
therapeutic: class 4, anti-dysrythmic
contraindications? |
|
Definition
AV heart block, sick sinus bradycardia, severe hypotension, bleeding aneurysm, intracranial surgery
renal/hepatic impairment |
|
|
Term
verapamil
therapeutic: class 4, anti-dysrythmic
adverse effects? |
|
Definition
| headaches, constipation, hypotension |
|
|
Term
verapamil
therapeutic: class 4, anti-dysrythmic
interactions? |
|
Definition
elevate blood levels of digoxin
beta blockers/antiHTN= hypoTN effect |
|
|
Term
verapamil
therapeutic: class 4, anti-dysrythmic
food? |
|
Definition
grapefruit juic increases levels
hawthorn may add to hypoTN effects |
|
|
Term
verapamil
therapeutic: class 4, anti-dysrythmic
overdose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antidysrythmic meds
patient knowledge |
|
Definition
brady/tachycardia-new/different dysrythmias
(report IMMEDIATELY)
first dose effect= orthostatic hypoTN
weight gain/edem=cardiovascular disease |
|
|
