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Details Title: Pharmacology Description: Test #4 Total Flash Cards: 66 Created: 06/04/2004 17:52:08	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Antipsychotics are also known as _______? Definition Neuroleptics Term Name the two groups of Neuroleptics? Definition Conventional and Atypical (misc) Term What are the uses of Antipsychotics? Definition Psychotic disorders, Tourett's, bipolar, mania, emesis suppression, and Huntington's chorea Term 1. What kind of systoms are associated with antipsychotics? 2. Which drugs treat what? (conventional and atypical) Definition 1. Postivite and negative 2. Conventional treat postitive sxs and atypical treats both Term What are the two conventional drugs? Definition Chlorpromazine and Haldoperidol Term Which of the two has a high potency and low potency between Chlorpomazine and Haldoperidol Definition Low- Chlorpromazine High- Haldoperidol Term What is akathisia? Definition Can't hold still Term What is dystonia? Definition When you are frozen in one postiton (like freeze tag) nnd to get to the Dr. Term What drug would you associate with the atypicals? Definition Clozapine Term What does Clozapine do? Definition Blocks DA and 5-HT (serotonin) Also blocks histamine, ACh and norepinephrine Term What is Clozapine used for? Definition Tx of schizophrenia, levodopa induced psychosis. Term What are some side effects of Clozapine? Definition Sedation, hypotension, weight gain, anticholinergic and neuroendocrine effects Term What would you have to watch out for when a patient is on Clozapine? Definition Possible diabetes, weight gain (30+ lbs) Increases sz Myocarditis Term Why is there limited use of Clozapine? Definition Because of Agranulocytosis resulting in sepsis (1:5000) NND weekly WCB (lab) Term How long does it take for antidepressants to work and why? Definition 3-4 wks. because of adaptation and long half life Term What are some treatments for depression? (3) Definition Therapy, drugs and ECT Term When is ECT used? Definition Effective treatment for severe depression with risk of suicide Term What are the four groups of antidepressants? Definition tricyclics, SSRI's, MAOI, Atypicals Term Side effects of Amitriptyline Definition dry mouth, sedation, postural hypotension, diaphoresis Term What does Amitriptyline do? Definition Block the re-uptake of NE and serotonin (5-HT) Term What is Amitriptyline used for treatment of? Definition Depression, bipolar disorder and pain (headaches and nerve pain) Term When is the best time to give Amitriptyline? Definition At night because it causes sedation Term If a patient becomes toxic with tricyclics what is the drug used to reverse it? Definition Physostigmine Term Why are tricyclics not presibed much? Definition Because of potential for toxicity and overdose. Can increase sz Term What is the prototype for the SSRI's? Definition Fluozetine (Prozac) Term What is Prozac used for? Definition Major depression, OCD, bulimia, PMS Dysphoric disorder Term What are the unlabeled uses of Fluoxetine? Definition Panic attacks, PTSD, social phobia, alcoholism, ADHD, bipolar, migraine, Tourette's and obesity Term What are SSRI's perfered over TCA's and MAOI's? Definition Because they are safer Term What are the side effects of Prozac? Definition Sexual dysfunction, nausea, headache, nervousness, insomina, anxiety and weight gain Term Side effects of MAOI's Definition CNS stimulation, hypotension Term What happens if you mix Tyramine and a MAOI? Definition severe HTN Term What kind of drug is Bupropion and what does it do? Definition Is an antidepressant (Atypical drug) Believed to block DA uptake, Similar to an amphetamine so increases energy and supresses appetite Term What are two good reasons that Bupropin (Wellbutrin) is perferred over antidepressants? Definition Does not cause weight gain or sexual dysfunction may increase sex drive Term What are some side effects of Bupropion? Definition agaitation, headache, dry mouth, consntipatoin, wt loss, gi upset, dizziness, tremor, blurred vision, insomnia and tachycardia Term How is Bipolar treated? Definition With Mood stabilizers, antidepressants, atypical antipsychotics and ECT Term What are some drugs used to treat Bipolar? Definition Antidepressants: Wellbutrin, Effexor, Prozac and Zoloft Term How is Lithuium excreted? Definition by the renals Term What is the goal of maintance (range) with Lithium? What amount are you not to go over? Definition 0.4 to 1.0 mEq/L 1.5 .Eq/L Term What kind of half life does Lithium have and how safe is it? Definition Has short half life and narrow range of safety. Take it several times a day. Term What are the adverse effects of Lithium? Definition Fine hand tremor, gi upset, thirst, muscle weakness, polyuria, confusion and headhache. Term What are the drug interactions of Lithium? Definition Diuretics, NSAIDS and anticholinergerics Term What do sedative-hypnotics treat? Definition insomnia, anxiety, sz disorders, muscle spasms, panic disorders and alcohol withdrawal Term True/Flase With Sedative-hypnotics the response is dose related so SE's increase with dosage Definition True Term Side effects of sedative-hypnotics? Definition CNS depression, anterograde amnesia, paradoxical effects, respiratory depression, abuse Term What are two issues associated with sedative-hypnotics? Definition tolerance and physical dependence Term What are the drug of choice for panic disorders? Definition SSRI's Term True/False All CNS stimulants do not cause convulsions Definition False All CNS stimulants CAN CAUSE convulsions Term How do amphetamines work? Definition Promote NE and DA release and inhibiting re-uptake (stay in gap longer) Term What are some side effects of CNS stimulants? Definition insomnia, restlessnes, wt loss, appetite supression, HTN, dysrhythmias Phychosis Term Uses for CNS Stimulants? Definition ADHD, narcolepsy and obesity Term Name one main thing you have to monitor with a child taking Methylphenidate. Definition growth and development Term Name some uses for Caffeine Definition CNS stimulant, bronchodilatoin, peripheral vasodilator, diuretic but CNS vasoconstictor. Term Caffeine can be used to treat what? Definition apnea in babies and to increase wakefulness Term Side effects of caffeine Definition nervousness, tremors, insomnia, palpitations, gi upset, headache Term How much alcohol can you body metabolize in one hour? Definition 1/2 ounce Term What is the name of the drug that makes you puke if you injest alcohol? Definition Disulfiram Term What is drug abuse? Definition Drug use that is inconsistent with medical or social norms. Term What is tolerance? Definition A state in which a particular drug dose elicits a smaller response than it formally did. Term What is cross tolerance? Give example Definition A state in which tolerance to one drug confers tolerance to another drug For example, tolerance to herion confers tolerance to other opioids: morphine Term What is psychologic dependence? Definition An intense subjective need for a particular psychoactive drug Term What is physical dependance? Definition A state in which an abstinence syndrome will occur if drug use is discontinued Term What is cross dependance? Give example Definition The ability of one drug to support psysical dependence on another drug. For example, Herion users take methadone Term What is withdrawal syndrome? Give example Definition a group of signs and symptoms that occur in physically dependent individuals when they discontinue drug use. For example, discontinuation of a CNS depressant can cause CNS excitation Term What are some side effects of nicotine? Definition CV vasoconstriction, HTN, dysrhythmias, increase gi acid, N and V, CNS stimulant Term Smoking Nicotine can be treated with? Definition Psychotherapy, support groups, replacement therapy with gum, pills or patches, antidepressants, Clonidine Term 1. How many days should MAOIs be withdrawn before starting Fluoxetine? 2. When Fluoxetine is discontinued how much time should elapse before giving an MAOI? Definition 1. 14 days 2. 5 weeks