Term
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Definition
| Branch of pharmacology concerned with the mechanisms of drug action and the relationships b/w drug concentration and responses in the body. |
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Term
| Frequency Distribution Curve |
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Definition
| Graphic representation (Bell Shaped Curve) of the actual number of patients responding with a particular drug action at different doses. X: dose of medication (mg) Y: # Patients responding |
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Term
| Median Effective Dose (ED50) |
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Definition
| The dose in the middle of the frequency distribution curve (peak). It is also the dose required to produce a specific therapeutic response in 50% of a group of patients. |
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Term
| Median Lethal Dose (LD50) |
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Definition
| The dose of a drug that will kill 50% of a group of animals. This value is determined in preclinical experiments during the drug developmental process. |
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Term
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Definition
Used to examine the safety of a particular drug. The higher the value the safer the medication
Median Lethal Dose (LD50)
Median Effective Dose (ED50) |
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Term
| Median Toxicity Dose (TD50) |
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Definition
| The dose that will produce a given toxicity in 50% of a group of patients. |
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Term
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Definition
Another index of a drug's effectiveness and safety. It is calculated as the amount of drug that is lethal to 1% of animals (LD1) divided by the amount of drug that produces a therapeutic effect in 99% of the animals (ED99).
Higher the value, the safer the medication |
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Term
dose-response relationship
What is significant about phase 2? |
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Definition
Plots the drug dose administered to the patient versus the intensity or degree of response obtained. There are 3 phases:
Phase 1: occurs at the lowest dose; flat part of curve indicated that few target cells have been affected by the drug. Doses that are too small will not produce a therapeutic effect
Phase 2: rising straight line portion; linear relationship b/w the amount of drug adminstered and the response obtained.
Phase 3: upper flat portion; increasing the drug dose gives no additional therapeutic response; can be that all target receptors for the drug are occupied or 100% relief is obtained.
Phase 2 is where you look at the titration of the medication. |
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Term
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Definition
strength of a drug at a specified concentration or dose.
ex. A drug that is more potent will produce its therapeutic effect at a lower dose. |
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Term
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Definition
The greatest maximal response that can be produced from a particular drug
Can also be defined as the ability of a drug to produce the desired therapeutic effect.
From a pharmacotherapeutic perspetive, efficacy is almost always more important than potency. |
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Term
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Definition
| The molecule that the medication binds to in order to produce its effects. |
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Term
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Definition
The ability of a drug to bind to its receptor and produce a strong action.
Intrinsic activity is related to efficacy of a drug
Drugs with a high intrinsic activity have high efficacy. |
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Term
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Definition
| events that are triggered within the cell once the drug binds to the receptor. |
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Term
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Definition
A drug that activates a receoptor and produces the same type off response as the endogenous substance.
*sometimes they produce a greater maximal response than the endogenous chemical* |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a medication that produces a weaker, or less efficacious, response than an agonist. |
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Term
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Definition
A drug will occupy a receptor and prevent the endogenous chemical from binding to produce its action. It competes with agonists for receptor binding sites.
ie. atropine competing with Ach for receptors in ANS. If dose is high enough, atropine may completely block the effects of Ach b/c Ach cannot reach its receptors. |
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Term
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Definition
| branch of pharmacology that examines the role of genetics in drug response. |
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Term
| ______ is a reflection of a drugs ability to bind to its receptor |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ is a function of pharmacokinetics |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
What parameters would the nurse use to determine whether the average dose of a medication is effective for a client? Select all that apply
1. Physical examination
2. Vital Signs
3. Laboratory Values
4. Dosage Time
5. Efficacy. |
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Definition
1. Physical Examination
2. Vital Signs
3. Laboratory Values
5. Efficacy |
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Term
| What is more important, efficacy or potency? |
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Definition
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