Term
| Insulin is synthsized where |
|
Definition
| Beta cells of islets of langerhans of the pancreas |
|
|
Term
| what is the relationship of insulin receptors to plasma concentration of insulin |
|
Definition
| More insulin in plasma then less insulin receptors. (INVERSE RELATIONSHIP) |
|
|
Term
| Which insulin go with arrows: NPH, Regular, Aspart/lispro, detemir, glargine. [image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which oral diabetic medication acts by increasing release of insulin from pancreas |
|
Definition
| sulfonylureas and meglitinides |
|
|
Term
| which oral diabetic meds act by blocking starch digesting enzymes |
|
Definition
| Alpha glucosidase inhibitors. |
|
|
Term
| metformin is in what class of oral diabetic meds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibition of gluconeogenesis and therefore decrease glucose levels. |
|
|
Term
| thiaxolidinediones work by what mechanism for diabetes treatment |
|
Definition
| make body more sensitive to insulin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| somatostatin analog that inhibits release of growth hormone |
|
|
Term
| Side effect from octreotide |
|
Definition
| bradycardia! And even 2nd and 3rd degree HB |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
decrease serum Ca level by:
1. inhibiting osteoclast activity
2. increase bone reabsorption |
|
|
Term
| name three drugs which are antithryoid |
|
Definition
1. propylthiouracil
2. methimazole
3. iodide |
|
|
Term
| most frequent side effect of estrogen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. n/v
2. wt gain
3. breast discomfort |
|
|
Term
| androgen given to men will cause increase or decrease in 2,3 DPG levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the two main effects of glucocorticoids are |
|
Definition
1. permissive
- prepare individual to stress
2. protective
- after stress so these help inhibit bad inflammation, increase WBC, suppress immune system and increase blood glucose. |
|
|
Term
| cyclosporins interfere with what drugs that we give |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two major common side effects of cyclosporines |
|
Definition
1. limb paresthesia (50% occurence)
2. renal tubular atrophy (nephrotoxicity) 25-38% of people |
|
|
Term
| posterior pituitary hormones consist of |
|
Definition
1. oxytocin
2. Vasopressin. |
|
|
Term
| target site of vasopressin or (AVP) on kidneys is |
|
Definition
| 1. renal collecting ducts. |
|
|
Term
| off label uses of vasopressin include 2x |
|
Definition
1. tx of diabetes insipidus
2. tx of esophageal varices |
|
|
Term
| if post delivery you want lady to have increase intrauterine tone give what drug |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| three side effects of oxytocin are |
|
Definition
1. hypotension with reflex tachy
2. flushing
3. H20 intoxication |
|
|
Term
| what gland located within the cranial vault is solely controlled by neural impulses |
|
Definition
| the posterior pituitary! releases ADH and oxytocin in response to neural impulses from the hypothalamus. |
|
|
Term
| another name for the posterior pituitary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does ADH get syntehsized |
|
Definition
| ADH is syntehsized in the supraoptic and paraventicular nuceli of the hypothalamus, then transported inside axons to nerve endings in the posterior pituitary |
|
|
Term
| identify the 8 stimuli that may release ADH |
|
Definition
1. osmolality
2. pain
3. stress
4. hypoxia
5. anxiety
6. hyperthermia
7. positive pressure ventilation
8. beta-adrenergic sitmulants
9. any histamine releasing stimulus |
|
|
Term
| What is the principle mechanism of anterior pituitary hormonal control? |
|
Definition
| Negative feedback. Most endocrine systems operate by negative feedback control |
|
|
Term
| What inhibits the release of corticotropin releasing factor? |
|
Definition
Serum cortisol inhibits by negative feedback the release of corticotropin releasing factor from the hypothalaI
mus. |
|
|
Term
| What is corticotropin releasing factor? |
|
Definition
Corticotropin releasing factor is a hormone produced by, and released from, the hypothalamus. Corticotropin releasing factor circulates directly to the anterior pituitary via the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system. Corticotropin releasing factor stimulates the release of adrenocortieotropic
I hormone (ACTH). |
|
|
Term
| what things stimulate the release of ACTH |
|
Definition
| Stress (pain, trauma, mental) stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropin releasingfactor |
|
|
Term
| What inhibits the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone |
|
Definition
| Serum cortisol inhibits by negative feedback the release of ACTH from the anterior pituitary |
|
|
Term
| What are signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia? |
|
Definition
| Hypoglycemia is a stress that activates the sympathetic nervous system leading to diaphoresis, hypertension, hunger and a feeling of impending doom. |
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