Term
| Bleomycin acts at what phase of cell cycle and does what? |
|
Definition
G2 phase
Induces free radical DNA strand breaks |
|
|
Term
| Main adverse effect of Bleomycin ? |
|
Definition
Pneumonitis followed by pulmonary fibrosis
Is a bone marrow sparing drug |
|
|
Term
| Epidophyllotoxins and Anthracyclines have what same mechanism of action ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two drugs that are Anthracyclines ? |
|
Definition
| Doxorubicin and Daunorubicin |
|
|
Term
| What drug is given to reduce the cardiotoxicity that is caused by Anthracycline use ? |
|
Definition
| Dexrazoxane - is an iron chelator that is used to reduce free radical induced damage |
|
|
Term
| Side-effects of Anthracyclines ? |
|
Definition
Cardiotoxicity is main one
Myelosuppression
Nausea, vomiting, alopecia
Erythema at sites of prior radiation "Radiation recall reaction"
Highly vesicant |
|
|
Term
| Drug used to treat Wilm's tumor and sarcomas ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Estrogens are contraindicated in what cancers ? |
|
Definition
| Breast and endometrial cancers |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene ? |
|
Definition
Hot flushes and thrombosis
Fluid retention
Risk of endometrial cancer when used for long period |
|
|
Term
| What drugs can be used in palliative care to improve appetite in terminally ill cancer pts ? |
|
Definition
Progestins such as Hydroxyprogesterone and Megestrol
Androgens can also be used |
|
|
Term
| Ex of Androgen receptor blocker ? |
|
Definition
Flutamide
Approved for trt of prostate cancer
Given with GnRH agonists to prevent initial flare up of tumor
Side effects: Gynecomastia and GI distress |
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of action of Hydroxyurea ? |
|
Definition
Inhibits the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase so inhibits DNA synthesis
S-phase specific agent
Uses)
Trt for melanoma and CML
Increases HbF production in sickle cell disease |
|
|
Term
| What anti-cancer drug has adverse effects of hypersensitivity reactions, hemorrhage, hyperglycemia, headache, and pancreatitis ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug used in trt of acute pro-myelocytic leukemia ? |
|
Definition
Arsenic trioxide
Adverse effects of cardiac arrhythmias, fluid retention, and increased risk of skin cancers |
|
|
Term
| What recombinant DNA technology anti-cancer drug can treat CML, hairy cell leukemia, and Kaposi sarcoma ? |
|
Definition
Interferon - 2alpha
Kaposi sarcoma can also be trted gy Interferon - 2beta |
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of action and use of Imatinib ? |
|
Definition
Inhibits tumor tyrosine kinase activity
Used to trt **BCR-ABL positive CML**, ALL, and GIST |
|
|
Term
| Trt for non-small cell lung cancer ? |
|
Definition
Gefitinib
Mechanism of action is it inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor signal transduction
Erlotinib and Iapatinib also used as trt |
|
|
Term
| Signal transduction inhibitor used to trt Multiple Myeloma and Mantle Cell Lymphoma ? |
|
Definition
Bortezomib
Inhibits proteasome which has chymotrypsin like activity |
|
|
Term
| What anti-cancer drug classes act on the M phase ? |
|
Definition
| Taxanes and Vinca Alkaloids |
|
|
Term
| Vancomycin can be used against what type of bacteria ? |
|
Definition
Active against only Gram-positive bacteria
Effective against multi-drug resistant organisms (MRSA, enterococci, PRSP, etc...)
Is a bacterial glycoprotein |
|
|
Term
| Vancomycin requires what type of infusion ? |
|
Definition
| Slow IV infusion (60-90 min) |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of Vancomycin ? |
|
Definition
Fever, chills, phlebitis
"Red man or Red neck" syndrome
Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity |
|
|
Term
| What drug should you give against gram-positive organisms if Vancomycin does not work ? |
|
Definition
Daptomycin
Depolarizes cell membranse with K+ efflux which leads to cell death |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of Daptomycin ? |
|
Definition
**Elevated creatinine phosphokinases(recommend to discontinue coadmin. of statins)**
Constipation, nausea, headache, insomnia |
|
|
Term
| Classes of drugs that are protein synthesis inhibitors ? |
|
Definition
Tetracyclines
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Chloamphenicol
Clindamycin
Stretogramins
Linezolid
etc... |
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of action of Tetracyclines (such as Doxycycline, Minocycline, Tetracycline) ? |
|
Definition
| Binds reversibly to 30S subunit of ribosome, preventing binding of aminoacyl tRNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Most common use is for severe acne and rosacea
***Drug of Choice for*** :
Chlamydia
Mycoplasma Pneumonia
Lyme disease
Cholera
Anthrax prophylaxis
Rickettsia (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Typhus)
Used in combination for trting other diseases |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of Tetracyclines ? |
|
Definition
**Discoloration and hypoplasia of teeth, stunting of growth**
**Photosensitization**
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Fatal hepatotoxicity
Exacerbation of renal function
Dizziness, vertigo |
|
|
Term
| Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Streptomycin, Neomycin, etc...) should only be used when ? |
|
Definition
Only specific to aerobic, gram-negative organisms
Only for people in hospital with life-threatening infection and need to give an i.v. drug |
|
|
Term
| One resistance mechanism of Aminoglycosides ? |
|
Definition
| **Plasmid-associated synthesis of enzymes that modify and inactivate drug (netilmicin = least susceptible)** |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aminoglycosides is DOC for what ? |
|
Definition
| Empiric therapy of infective endocarditis in combo with either a penicillin or vancomycin |
|
|
Term
| What needs to be monitored when administering Aminoglycosides ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Aminoglycoside is given topically ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug class is contraindicated in pts. with myasthenia gravis ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Exs of Macrolide Antibiotics and mechanism of action ? |
|
Definition
A C E T
Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, Telithromycin
Reversibly binds to 50S subunit inhibiting translocation |
|
|
Term
| What drugs are okay to give to trt community-acquired pneumonia in outpatients ? |
|
Definition
| Doxycycline or Erythromycin |
|
|
Term
| DOC for Whopping Cough (Bordatella Pertussis) ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Good drug substitute for someone with penicillin allergy ? |
|
Definition
Macrolides
But if life-threatening infection, use Vancomycin b/c its an i.v. drug |
|
|
Term
| Which Macrolide antibiotic does not inhibit CYP P450 ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contraindications for Macrolides ? |
|
Definition
1) D0 not use with statins
2) Be careful using Telithromycin b/c has fatal hepatotoxicity, and exacerbates myasthenia gravis and visual disturbances, so don't use for minor illnesses |
|
|
Term
| What drug has adverse effects of bone marrow depression and Gray baby syndrome (cyanosis) ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug can be given with Primaquine as an alternative for PCP (Pneumocystis Pneumonia) trt ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug is most likely to cause C. Difficile infection ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Linezolid is contraindicated with what drugs ? |
|
Definition
| TCAs, adrenergic, and serotonergic drugs...b/c it is a reversible inhibitor of MAO |
|
|
