Term
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Definition
| Block pass joining in Topo II |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| blocks elongation by complexing with the β subunit of RNA polymerase |
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Term
| bind to and inhibit the activity of 16S rRNA in the 30S subunit |
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Definition
| Aminoglycosides, spectinomycin, and tetracyclines |
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Term
| bind to and inhibit the activity of 23S rRNA in the 50S subunit |
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Definition
| Macrolides, chloramphenicol, lincosamides, streptogramins, oxazolidinones, and pleuromutilins |
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Term
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Definition
Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin
inhibit bacterial type II topoisomerase |
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Term
| Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin |
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Definition
quinolone antibiotics
inhibit bacterial type II topoisomerase |
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Term
|
Definition
| inhibit bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
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Term
| Streptomycin and gentamicin |
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Definition
targeting the 30S ribosomal subunit
aminoglycosides |
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Term
| Tetracycline and doxycycline |
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Definition
tetracyclines
targeting the 30S ribosomal subunit
Tigecycline is a glycylcycline |
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Term
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Definition
| Tetracycline and doxycycline |
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Term
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Definition
| Induce protein misreading and that the misread (abnormal) proteins allow higher concentrations of aminoglycosides to enter the cell and halt protein synthesis |
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Term
| antimicrobial drugs targeting the 50S ribosomal subunit |
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Definition
| Chloramphenicol, erythromycin (a macrolide), clindamycin (a lincosamide), quinupristin (a streptogramin), dalfopristin (a streptogramin), linezolid (an oxazolidinone), and retapamulin (a pleuromutilin) |
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Term
|
Definition
| binds to a specific segment of 23S rRNA and blocks the exit tunnel from which nascent peptides emerge |
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Term
| Clindamycin and chloramphenicol |
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Definition
| have partially overlapping binding sites on the 50S ribosomal subunit |
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Term
| Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| Inhibitors of transcription and translation |
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Definition
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Term
| Inhibitors of DNA synthesis and integrity |
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Definition
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Term
| bind the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of the bactoprenol-conjugated murein monomer unit and thereby prevent the PGT-mediated addition of murein monomer to the growing peptidoglycan chain |
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Definition
| Vancomycin, telavancin, and teicoplanin |
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Term
|
Definition
| penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems) inhibit the transpeptidase enzymes that cross-link adjacent peptidoglycan polymers |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
| In the absence of modification, human proteins are generally nonantigenic. β-Lactams can modify amino groups on human proteins, creating an immunogenic β-lactam hapten. This new antigenic determinant can be recognized as “nonself” by antibodies of the host immune system. |
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Term
| resistance to B-lactam agents |
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Definition
| Pharmacologists have addressed this mechanism of resistance: (1) by developing new β-lactam agents, the second- and third-generation cephalosporins that are resistant to degradation by many β-lactamases; and (2) by co-administering β-lactam “decoys,” such as clavulanic acid and sulbactam, that serve as β-lactamase inhibitors |
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Term
| Inhibition of synthesis of murein monomers |
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Definition
| fosfomycin and cycloserine |
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Term
| Inhibition of polymerization of monomers into murein polymers |
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Definition
| vancomycin, teicoplanin, telavancin, and bacitracin |
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Term
| Inhibition of cross-linking of polymers to complete the wall |
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Definition
| penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenem |
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