Term
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Definition
| β-lactam antibiotics; ADRs: GI (N/V/D); nephritis, cation toxicity, neurotoxicity (seizures) at high levels |
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Term
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Definition
| β-lactam antibiotics; can cause severe pain at I.M. site, thrombophlebitis with I.V., intestinal nephritis and tubular necrosis; never give to anyone that has had an anaphylactic reaction to penicillin |
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Term
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Definition
| β-lactam antibiotics; broadest spectrum; more affinity for PBP; β-lactamase resistant; can cause N/V/D, hypersensitivity rxns, local rxns, seizures; drugs of choice for extended spectrum β-lactamase infections; TREAT P. AERUGINOSA w/o aminoglycoside |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Non-β-lactam Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor; oral; broad spectrum; inhibits enol pyruvate transferase preventing the conversion of NAG to NAM stopping the crosslinking of peptide and glycan |
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Term
| Cycloserine (no longer on market) |
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Definition
| Non-β-lactam Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor |
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Term
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Definition
| Non-β-lactam Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor; topical; prevents the dephosphorylation of isoprenyl pyrophosphate, a lipid that transports peptidoglycan building blocks across the plasma membrane; Gram +; Neisseria, T. Pallidum |
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Term
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Definition
| Non-β-lactam Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor; Slow I.V. infusion only; D-Ala - D-Ala terminus preventing elongation and cross-linking of the peptidoglycan layers; only active against G+; ACTIVE AGAINST MRSA & MRSE; can cause red man syndrome, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, phlebitis |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell wall synthesis inhibitors; inhibit PBP and prevent the crosslinking of peptidoglycan layers |
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Term
| Penicillin G (benzylpenicillin) |
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Definition
| Natural Penicillin; mostly used for g+ streptococci, meningococci, and T.Pallidum (syphilis); Parenteral (acid labile) |
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Term
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Definition
| Natural Penicillin; indicated for minor infections due to poor oral bioavailability and reduced activity; also requires qid dosing; (oral) |
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Term
| Methicillin (withdrawn from market) |
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Definition
| Antistaphylococcal Penicillin |
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Term
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Definition
| Antistaphylococcal Penicillin; IV |
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Term
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Definition
| Antistaphylococcal Penicillin; oral but IV if serious staph infection; biliary and renal elimination; no dosing adjustment in renal failure |
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Term
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Definition
| Antistaphylococcal Penicillin; oral; renally and biliary elimination but no dose adjustment required |
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Term
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Definition
| Aminopenicillins - extended spectrum penicillins; only ones that are orally administered but ampicillin is also given IV; haemophilus, proteus, e.coli |
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Term
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Definition
| Carboxypenicillins; extended spectrum penicillins; I.V.; pseudomonas, proteus, H. influenzae, E.coli; can cause platelet dysfunction |
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Term
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Definition
| Ureidopenicillins; extended spectrum penicillins; I.M.; effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA (usually with aminoglycoside) |
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Term
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Definition
| Narrow spectrum, active only against G+ (aerobes and some anaerobes), staphylococci are resistant (β lactamase producing bacteria); some bacilli; drug of choice against spriochetes (T. Pallidum); bacterial resistance = β-lactamase |
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Term
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Definition
| β-lactamase inhibitor given with amoxicillin (Augmentin) and with Ticarcillin (Timentin) |
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Term
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Definition
| β-lactamase inhibitor given with ampicillin (Unasyn) |
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Term
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Definition
| β-lactamase inhibitor given with piperacillin |
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Term
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Definition
| First generation cephalosporin; oral |
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Term
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Definition
| First generation cephalosporin; I.V. |
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Term
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Definition
| First generation cephalosporin; oral |
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Term
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Definition
| Second generation cephalosporin; oral only |
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Term
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Definition
| Second generation cephalosporin; oral only |
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Term
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Definition
| Second generation cephalosporin; I.V. and I.M. |
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Term
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Definition
| Second generation cephalosporin; a cephamycin; the only lone I.V. 2nd gen cephalosporin |
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Term
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Definition
| Second generation cephalosporin; a cephamycin; I.V. and I.M. |
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Term
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Definition
| Third generation cephalosporin; oral only |
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Term
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Definition
| Third generation cephalosporin; oral only |
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Term
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Definition
| Third generation cephalosporin; oral only |
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Term
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Definition
| Third generation cephalosporin; oral only |
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Term
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Definition
| Third generation cephalosporin; I.V. only |
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Term
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Definition
| Third generation cephalosporin; I.V. and I.M. |
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Term
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Definition
| Third generation cephalosporin; I.V. |
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Term
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Definition
| Third generation cephalosporin; I.V. and I.M. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fourth generation cephalosporin; I.V. and I.M.; better against G+ than 3rd gen; better against β-lactamases (enterobacter); ACTIVE AGAINST P. AERUNGINOSA |
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Term
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Definition
| Fifth generation cephalosporin; I.V. only; ACTIVE AGAINST MRSA |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbapenem; I.V.; must be administered with cilastain to prevent deactivation by dehydropeptidases in renal tubule |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors at the ribosomal 30S subunit; block tRNA from entering the A site of the ribosome; broad spectrum more against G+ and atypical bacteria; ACTIVE AGAINST MRSA; don't take with dairy, iron, ca, multivitamin, or antacids; can accumulate in forming bone or teeth, N/V/D, SUPERINFECTIONS, photosensitivity, hepatotoxicity renal toxicity, teeth discoloration; bacterial resistance through efflux, ribosomal protection (protein prevents binding), enzyme inactivation |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors at the ribosomal 30S subunit (bactericidal); they interfere with the initiation complex, cause misreading of mRNA, and block movement of the ribosome on the mRNA; significant PAE and concentration dependent; G- aerobes including P.AERUGINOSA but not active against anaerobes; bacterial resistance through enzymatic deactivation, ribosome mutation, and decreased cell entry; can cause ototoxicity, renal toxicity, muscular block, and should not be given in pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors at the ribosomal 30S subunit; like aminoglycosides but not all 3 MOAs; mostly active against G-; can cause nephrotoxicity and anemia rarely |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors at the ribosomal 50S subunit; block movement of the ribosome on the mRNA and bind close to the same sites as clindomycin and streptogramins; can stimulate GI motility leading to ab pain, cramping, N/V/D, QT prolongation, and ototoxicity; CYP34A inhibitors and can interact with theophylline, warfarin, cyclosporine, and methylprednisolone; bacterial resistance through efflux pump and MLSb |
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Term
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Definition
| Clindamycin; Bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors at the ribosomal 50S subunit with same MOA as macrolides |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors at the ribosomal 50S subunit; Qunuprustin same MOA as macrolides and Dalfoprisin binds nearby synergistically; mostly active against G+ and VRSA AND VRE; bacterial resistance through MLSb and enzymatic inactivation; can cause pain and phlebitis at inj. site; also a CYP3A4 inhibitor |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors at the ribosomal 50S subunit; prevents tranpeptidation (handing off of peptide from site A to B); broad spectrum against G+/- , rickettsia, and anaerobes; can cause GRAY BABY SYNDROME, N/V/D, bone marro disturbances (lowered RBC count and AA); BBW for aplastic anemia |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors at the ribosomal 50S subunit and prevents the formation of the ribosome complex; mostly G+ and VRSA and VRE; bacterial resistance through mutation of the binding site; can cause serotonin syndrome with other serotonergic drugs; hematologic disturbances (thrombocytopenia, anemia, neutropenia) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Glycylcycline; I.V. and the only I.M.; a tetracycline derivative |
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Term
|
Definition
| Aminoglycoside; I.M. only |
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Term
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Definition
| Aminoglycoside, I.V and I.M. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Aminoglycoside; I.V. and I.M.; EFFECTIVE AGAINST P. AERUGINOSA |
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Term
|
Definition
| Aminoglycoside; I.V. and oral but only local effect orally |
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Term
|
Definition
| Aminoglycoside; topical and oral but only local effect orally |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Macrolide; oral and I.V.; less against anaerobes |
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Term
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Definition
| Macrolide; oral; more against anaerobes |
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Term
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Definition
| Macrolide; oral and I.V.; more against anaerobes and also against chlamydia |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ketolide; oral; macrolide derivative BBW'd for hepatotoxicity and use in those with myasthenia gravis |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lincosamide; Oral and I.V.; most G+ anaerobes but not against aerobic G-; can cause N/V/D, ab pain, pseudomembraneous colitis, neutropenia, impaired hepatic function, local rxns; bacterial resistance through MLSb |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Oxazolidinone; Oral and I.V. |
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Term
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Definition
| gout medication that is sometimes coadministered with natural penicllins because it reduces their renal secretion and prolongs their activity |
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Term
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Definition
| A dehydropeptidase inhibitor co-administered with imipenem to ensure its efficacy |
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Term
| Antistaphylococcal Penicillins |
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Definition
| β-lactam antibiotics; effective against G+ that produce β-lactamases but not MRSA or MRSE; bacterial resistance through PBP alteration |
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Term
| Extended Spectrum Penicillins |
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Definition
| β-lactam antibiotics; active against G+ and G- due to enhanced ability to penetrate outer membrane; bacterial resistance through β-lactamase; renally cleared and require dose adjustment in kidney failure |
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Term
| First Generation Cephalosporins |
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Definition
| cephalosporins that have the broadest spectrum of activity and are effective against G+ cocci and G- bacilli (e. coli, klebisella, proteus) |
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Term
| Second Generation Cephalosporins |
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Definition
| cephalosporins with activity against K. Pneumonia and increased activity against other G- and β-lactamase producing bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Carbapenem; only one administered I.M. |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Monobactam; I.V.; active against G- Aerobes including pseudomonas |
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Term
|
Definition
| Vancomycin resistance through overexpression of D-ALA termini, outcompeteing vancomycin |
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Term
|
Definition
| Vancomycin resistance by changing the D-Ala - D-Ala terminus to either a D-Ala - D-Lac or D-Ser terminus, both of which have a lower affinity for vancomycin |
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Term
|
Definition
| second generation cephalosporins that are more active against anaerobes but can cause disulfram like rxns. and hypoprothrombopenia; cefoxitin and cefotetan |
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