Term
| Describe HIV entrance/invasion |
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Definition
| GP120 binds with chemokine receptor, GP41 induces fusion into cell. Reverse Transcriptase replicates HIV RNA genome into DNA; Integrase integrates HIV DNA into Host DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
HIV has glycoproteins in structure:
GP24 (gag) - nuclear capsid
GP41 (env) - outer protein envelope
GP120 (env) - outer protein envelope/receptor molecule |
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Term
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Definition
HIV binds to different cell receptors/chemokine receptors on various cells (tropism):
CXCR4 on T-cell CD4
CCR5 on macrophages CD4 |
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Term
| HIV intracellular replication enzymes |
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Definition
HIV has enzymes for replication and invasion:
Reverse Transcriptase (pol)
Integrase |
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Term
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Definition
Saquinavir
ritonavir
idinavir
nelfinavir
fosamprenavir
lopinavir
tipranavir
atazanavir
darunavir
"Navir" tease a protease inhibitor
Prevents the viral structure assembly |
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Term
| Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI) |
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Definition
Zodovudine (AZT)
Didanosine
Zalcitabine
Stavudine
Lamivudine
Abacavir
Emtricitabine
Tenofovir
Prevents HIV reverse Transcriptase
SE: Pancreatitis - Didanosine
SE: Bone Marrow Suppresion - Zidovudine
Zidovudine given to pregnant women with HIV, and also given to healthcare workers with HIV exposure |
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Term
| Non Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTI) |
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Definition
Nevirapine
Efavirenz
Declavirdine
Etravirine
Rilpivirine
"Never Ever Deliver" nucleosides
Do not require a tyrosine kinase to phosphorylate to become active |
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Term
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Definition
Raltegravir
Inhibits HIV-1 Integrase enzyme
Unfavorable lipid profile |
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Term
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Definition
Maraviroc
Binds CCR5 on macrophages thereby inhibiting GP120 conformational change |
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Term
| Screening and Diagnosis for HIV |
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Definition
1st: HIV ELISA test (high sensitivity)
2nd: Western Blot confirmation (high specificity)
AIDS when Leukocytes >200 |
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Term
| HIV Cell count and opportunistic infections <400 |
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Definition
| <400 : Candida (oral thrush) or hairy leukoplakia (EBV), reactivation VZV |
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Term
Fusion inhibitor:
Binds viral GP41 subunit, inhibits conformational change required for fusion with CD4 cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| HIV Cell count and opportunistic infections <200 |
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Definition
Reactivation HSV
cryptosporidiosis
disseminated coccidiodomycosis pneumocystitis pneumonia |
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Term
| HIV Cell count and opportunistic infections <100 |
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Definition
Candida esophagitis
Toxoplasmosis (classic triad chorioretinitis, hydrocephaly, intracranial calcification)
Histoplasmosis |
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Term
| HIV Cell count and opportunistic infections <50 |
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Definition
CMV retinitis and esophagitis
Disseminated m. Avium intracellulaire
Cryptococcal meningioencephalitis |
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