Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the throat, |
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Term
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Definition
| acute inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose |
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Term
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Definition
| often called hay fever, which is caused by pollen or a foreign substance (e.g., animal dander). |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| H1 blockers or H1 antagonists |
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Term
| When the H1 receptor is stimulated |
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Definition
| the extravascular smooth muscles, including those lining the nasal cavity, are constricted. |
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Term
| stimulation of the H2 receptor, |
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Definition
| an increase in gastric secretions occurs, which is a cause of peptic ulcer |
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Term
| First-Generation Antihistamines |
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Definition
| Most first-generation antihistamines cause drowsiness, dry mouth, and other anticholinergic symptoms, |
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Term
| second-generation antihistamines |
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Definition
| have fewer anticholinergic effects and a lower incidence of drowsiness. |
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Term
| The anticholinergic properties of most antihistamines cause |
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Definition
dryness of the mouth and decreased secretions, making them useful in treating rhinitis caused by the common cold. Antihistamines also decrease the nasal itching and tickling that cause sneezing.
The |
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Term
| first-generation antihistamine example |
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Definition
| diphenhydramine (Benadryl) |
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Term
| second-generation antihistamines example |
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Definition
| etirizine (Zyrtec), fexofenadine (Allegra), and loratadine (Claritin) Azelastine (Astelin,) |
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Term
| Diphenhydramine can be administered |
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Definition
| orally, intramuscularly (IM), or intravenously (IV). It is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but systemic absorption from topical use is minimal. |
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Term
| Diphenhydramine blocks the effects of histamine by |
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Definition
| competing for and occupying H1 receptor sites |
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Term
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Definition
| act on the cough-control center in the medulla to suppress the cough reflex |
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Term
| Diphenhydramine Contraindications |
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Definition
| Acute asthmatic attack, severe liver disease, lower respiratory disease, neonate; MAOIs |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulate the alpha-adrenergic receptors, producing vascular constriction (vasoconstriction) of the capillaries within the nasal mucosa. The result is shrinking of the nasal mucous membranes and a reduction in fluid secretion (runny nose). |
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Term
| Frequent use of decongestants, especially nasal spray or drops |
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Definition
| can result in tolerance and rebound nasal congestion (rebound vasodilation instead of vasoconstriction). Rebound nasal congestion is caused by irritation of the nasal mucosa. |
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Term
| Systemic decongestants (alpha-adrenergic agonists) |
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Definition
| ephedrine (Ephedrine), phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine), and pseudoephedrine (Sudafed). |
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Term
| Intranasal glucocorticoids |
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Definition
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Term
| ntranasal glucocorticoids are effective for treating |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Dextromethorphan, a nonnarcotic antitussive, is widely used in OTC cold remedies
Trade Names: Robitussin, |
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Term
| antitussives side effects |
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Definition
| Nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, sedation |
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Term
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Definition
| nonnarcotic, narcotic, or combination preparations. Antitussives are usually used in combination with other agents |
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Term
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Definition
| loosen bronchial secretions so they can be eliminated by coughing. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of one or more of the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, or sphenoid sinuses. |
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Term
A client tells the nurse that he has started to take an OTC antihistamine, diphenhydramine. In teaching him about side effects, what is most important for the nurse to tell the client?
a. Do not to take this drug at bedtime to avoid insomnia.
b. Avoid driving a motor vehicle until stabilized on the drug.
c. Nightmares and nervousness are more likely in an adult.
d. Limit use to 1 to 2 puffs/sprays 4 to 6 times per day to avoid rebound congestion. |
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Definition
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Term
The client complains of a sore throat and has been told it is due to beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection. The nurse realizes this condition is called what?
a. Acute rhinitis.
b. Acute sinusitis.
c. Acute pharyngitis.
d. Acute rhinorrhea. |
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Definition
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Term
A client is prescribed the decongestant oxymetazoline (Afrin) nasal spray. What should the nurse teach the client?
a. Take this drug at bedtime as a sleep aid.
b. Directly spray away from the nasal septum and gently sniff.
c. This drug may be used in maintenance treatment for asthma.
d. Limit the drug to 5 days of use to prevent rebound nasal congestion. |
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Definition
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Term
A client has been prescribed guaifenesin (Robitussin). The nurse realizes that the purpose of the drug is to accomplish what?
a. To treat allergic rhinitis and prevent motion sickness
b. To loosen bronchial secretions so they can be eliminated by coughing
c. To compete with histamine for receptor sites, thus preventing a histamine response
d. To stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptors, thus producing vascular constriction of capillaries in nasal mucosa |
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Definition
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Term
Beclomethasone (Beconase) has been prescribed for a client with allergic rhinitis. The nurse teaches the client that which is the most common side effect from continuous use?
a. Dizziness
b. Rhinorrhea
c. Hallucinations
d. Dry nasal mucosa |
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Definition
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Term
The nurse is teaching a client about diphenhydramine (Benadryl). Which are topics to include? (Select all that apply.)
a. Take medication with food to decrease gastric distress.
b. Avoid alcohol and other central nervous system depressants.
c. Notify the health care provider if confusion or hypotension occurs.
d. Take sugarless candy, gum, or ice chips for temporary relief of dry mouth.
e. Avoid handling dangerous equipment or performing dangerous activities until stabilized on the drug. |
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Definition
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