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pharmacology chapter 49
FSCJ Nursing program
37
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
09/29/2011

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Term
ophthalmic
Definition
(pertaining to the eye
Term
The nurse must be alert to the fact that a variety of systemic diseases have ophthalmic (pertaining to the eye) findings that are characteristic of the disease or disorder. Examples of these systemic disorders are
Definition
cquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), coronary vascular disease, muscular and endocrine disorders, and hematologic and neurologic diseases.
Term
The two most common topical anesthetics are
Definition
proparacaine HCl (Ophthaine, Ophthetic) and tetracaine HCl (Pontocaine). Both medications are administered as drops.
Term
Conjunctivitis
Definition
inflammation of the delicate membrane covering the eyeball and lining the eyelid
Term
________ and local ____ and ____ are possible side effects of topical ophthalmic antiinfective drugs.
Definition
Conjunctivitis, local skin and eye irritation
Term
Conjunctivitis is an eye infection that can be ___, ____, or ___ in origin
Definition
bacterial, viral, or allergic
Term
Lubricants
Definition
alleviate discomfort associated with dryness and maintain the integrity of the epithelial surface
Term
Glaucoma is
Definition
increased intraocular pressure (IOP) resulting from excessive production or diminished outflow of aqueous humor.
Term
The angle of the anterior chamber also determines the type of glaucoma. The angle can be either ___ or ____.
Definition
open angle (diminished outflow of aqueous humor related to degenerative changes in the trabecular meshwork) or closed angle (triggered by emotions and drugs that dilate pupils).
Term
Antiglaucoma drugs belong to witch categories:
Definition
cholinergic and anticholinesterase miotics, beta-adrenergic blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, osmotics, and anticholinergics.
Term
miotics are used to
Definition
lower the IOP (inter occular pressure) In open-angle glaucoma,
Term
The two types of miotics differ in their mechanism of action. ____________ which mediate transmission of nerve impulses at all parasympathetic (cholinergic) nerve sites; and ________which inactivate cholinesterase, thereby inhibiting enzymatic destruction of acetylcholine and resulting in pupil constriction and ciliary muscle contraction.
Definition
(1) direct-acting cholinergics (2) indirect-acting anticholinesterase drugs
Term
Side effects from the use of miotics include
Definition
headache, eye pain, decreased vision, brow pain, and, less frequently, hyperemia of the conjunctiva. Systemic absorption can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, frequent urination, precipitation of asthmatic attacks, increased salivation, diaphoresis, muscle weakness, and respiratory difficulty.
Term
miotic toxicity includes
Definition
vertigo, bradycardia, tremors, hypotension, syncope, cardiac dysrhythmias, and seizures.
Term
_____ ______ cures miotic toxicity
Definition
Atropine sulfate
Term
beta-adrenergic blockers
Definition
decrease the production of aqueous humor.
Term
Prostaglandin analogues are currently known to be as effective as____ _____ in the treatment of glaucoma
Definition
beta blockers
Term
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors interfere with the production of ___ ____ which leads to decreased aqueous humor formation and decreased IOP.
Definition
carbonic acid
Term
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors contraindicated during the ____ ____ pregnancy and should not be used in persons allergic to sulfonamides.
Definition
first trimester
Term
Osmotics are generally used preoperatively and postoperatively to
Definition
decrease vitreous humor volume
Term
Mydriatics
Definition
dilate the pupils
Term
cycloplegics
Definition
paralyze the muscles of accommodation
Term
Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is a leading cause of _______ ______ in those 65 and over
Definition
vision loss
Term
two forms of ARMD (Age-related macular degeneration ):
Definition
(1) “wet,” which progresses quite rapidly, and (2) “dry,” which slowly destroys vision over a period of years.
Term
The vast majority of vision loss from ARMD (85% to 90%) is caused by the ____ form
Definition
dry
Term
Dry form ARMD description
Definition
the gradual destruction of light-sensitive cells in the macula leads to a blurred or blind spot in the center of vision in one or both eyes.
Term
Wet macular degeneration is caused by _________ and develops after dry form.
Definition
blood vessels leaking fluid that collects under the macula
Term
Antihistamine-decongestants are thought to reduce ____ and ____ ____ congestion in acute otits media
Definition
nasal and middle ear congestion
Term
Cerumen
Definition
earwax
Term
ceruminolytics
Definition
loosen and remove impacted cerumen from the ear canal.
Term
1. The nurse reviews the client's list of medications, which includes mannitol. The nurse must be aware that which condition is a contraindication for use of this drug?

a. Dehydration

b. Kidney stones

c. Eczema

d. Gout
Definition
A
Term
2. The client is being prepared for an eye examination. When the nurse takes the health history, the client says that she is sensitive to atropine sulfate. What drug might be used instead for the examination?

a. Diclofenac

b. Suprofen

c. Cyclopentolate

d. Betaxolol HCl
Definition
C
Term
3. An 85-year-old client is taking acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. A nursing intervention associated with clients receiving this drug is to monitor what?

a. Weight

b. Complete blood count

c. Electrolytes

d. Urine output
Definition
C
Term
4. The nurse reviews the African-American client's list of medications. It is important for the nurse to be aware that the prostaglandin analogue more effective in African Americans than in non–African Americans is what?

a. latanoprost

b. bimatoprost

c. unoprostone

d. travoprost
Definition
D
Term
5. The school nurse is preparing a presentation for the parent-teacher association meeting on medications commonly used in school-aged children. It is important to note what primary disadvantage of the use of combination products such as Cortisporin Otic?

a. School-aged children may need only one drug, not a combination.

b. Combination products may not have the desired dose for school-aged children.

c. There is increased cost in using combination products for school-aged children.

d. Combination products are less effective for school-aged children.
Definition
A
Term
6. The camp nurse reviews the “shopping list” of supplies needed for the upcoming camping season. What product is recommended to prevent and treat chronic impaction of cerumen?

a. Hydrogen peroxide

b. Rubbing alcohol

c. Charcoal

d. Salt solution
Definition
A
Term
7. The nurse prepares a health teaching plan for the client with glaucoma. Which important nursing interventions are included for this client? (Select all that apply.)

a. Instruct the client to report changes in vision and breathing.

b. Maintain sterile technique and prevent dropper contamination during administration of eyedrops.

c. Include return demonstration only with geriatric clients.

d. Wait 10 minutes to instill the second eye medication to be given at the same time.
Definition
A, B
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