Term
|
Definition
thiazides
loop diuretics
potassium-sparing
osmotic agents |
|
|
Term
| Thiazide and related diuretics |
|
Definition
indapamide/Lozol
hydrochlorothiazine/Esidrix, HydroDiuril
metolazone/Zaroxolyn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
edema, many causes
uncomplicated hypertension, bp lowered y decreasing peripheral vascular resistance
prophylaxis of calculus
electrolyte imbalance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hypokalemia
muscle weakness or spasm
postural hypotenhsion
hyperglycemia, increased uric acid |
|
|
Term
| thiazide contraindications |
|
Definition
diabetes
gout
renal, hepatic
prolonged use
older
sulfonamide hypersens. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nsaids, renal
corticosteroids, potassium loss
lithium
hypotensive agents
digitalis
probenecid blocks uric acid reten
antidiabetic agents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption on the loop of Henle
stronger and quicker than thiazides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
edema assoc impaired renal function or hepatic dis
CHF
pulmonary edema
ascites caused by malig or cirrhosis
hypertension |
|
|
Term
| loop diuretic side effects |
|
Definition
| fluid and electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, circulatory collapse, chest pain |
|
|
Term
| loop diuretic contraindications |
|
Definition
cirrhosis, liver, kidney
alkalosis, dehydraion
digitalis
allergic to sulfa\
diabetes, gout
preg, lac
children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| must be given with potassium sp0aring agent to prevent hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis esp cirrhosis |
|
|
Term
| loop diuretic interactions |
|
Definition
similar to thiazides
corticosteroids
lithium
hypotensive agents, potentiation
probenecid, decrease diuretic effects
digitalis
aminoglycosides = deafness
indomethacin, decreases diuretic effect
salicylates with furosemide increases salicylate toxicity
anticonvulsants (phenytoin) reduces diuretic effect of furosemide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
furosemide/Lasix
bumetanide/Bumex
torsemide/Demadex |
|
|
Term
| potassium-sparing diuretics |
|
Definition
usually combined with thiazide
counteract increased glucose and uric acid levels assoc with thiazines |
|
|
Term
| potassium-sparing diuretic side effects |
|
Definition
usually mild
hyperkalemia can lead to cardiac arrhythmias
fatigue, lethargy, profound weight loss
hypotension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
block reabsorption and promote urinary excretion of uric acid in kidneys
chronic
gouty arthrities
not acute, not analgesic, can be given with colchicine which is antiinflamm
probenecid |
|
|
Term
| potassium-sparing diuretic cautions/interactions |
|
Definition
renal, liver, cirrhoisis
preg/lac
potassium supplements, ACE inhibitors ARB-angiotensin receptor blockers, salicylates, nsaids, lithium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mannitol and urea
reduce intraocular or intracranial pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
osmotic diuretic prevent and treat acute renal failure during CV surgery
used to promote excretions of toxins in drug poisoning |
|
|
Term
| osmotic diuretic side effects |
|
Definition
fluid and electrolyte imbalance
CNS symptoms, HA, vertigo, confusion, NV
tachycardia, hypertension, hypotension
severe pulmonary edema |
|
|
Term
| osmotic diuretic extreme caution |
|
Definition
kidney failure
heart failure
active intracranial bleeding
pulmonary edema
preg/lac |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| potassium sparing diuretic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| potassium sparing diuretic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mannitol/Osmitrol
reduce intracrainial, intraocular pressure
excretions of toxins in drug poisoning
acute renal failure during CV surgery |
|
|
Term
| combination potassium-sparing and thiazide diuretics |
|
Definition
spironolactone and hctz/Aldactazide
triam and hctz/Dyazine, Maxide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| form of arthritiss uric acid crystals are deposited in and around joints usu knee foot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| kidney stones, renal colic if not flushed with large volume of fluids |
|
|
Term
| probenecid contraindications/interact |
|
Definition
hx uric acid kidney stones
hx peptic ulcer
renal impairment, blood dyscrasias
inter: penicillins and cephalosproins, potentiated
oral hypoglycemics, poten
salicylates
nsaids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
chronic gout, decreases serum and urine levels of uric acid
also: prevention of renal calculi in pts with frequ stone formation |
|
|
Term
| allopurinol/Zyloprim side effedcts |
|
Definition
allergic reactions
fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, vertigo |
|
|
Term
| allopurinol contraindications, interactions |
|
Definition
renal, hypersensitivity reactions, liver, preg/lac
inter: antineoplastic drugs potentiate side effects
alcohol and diuretics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anticholinergic, block parasym, reduce contractions of bladder
Pro-banthine, increases capacity with neurogenic
hyoscyamine/Cytospaz, Levsid, many side effects older |
|
|
Term
| tolterodine/Detrol, oxybutynin/Ditropan |
|
Definition
symptom relief
many side effects older, XR and patches - fewer SE |
|
|
Term
| antispasmotic side effects |
|
Definition
| drying, drowsiness, dizzainess, HA, urinary retention, constipation, blurred vision, mental confusion (older), tachycardia, palpitations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bethanechol/Urecholine, contractions
"pharmacological catheterization"
GI, diarr, NV, sweating, salivation, HA, bronchial constric, slow/fast heartbeat, orthostatic hypertension. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
phenazopyridine/Pyridium
symptomatic relief
red urine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| urinary antispasmotic, also: weak anagesic |
|
|
Term
| urinary analgesic side effects/contra |
|
Definition
impaired kidney
severe hepatitis
pyridium can interfere with urine, kidney, liver function tests |
|
|
Term
| Benign prostatic hypertrophy |
|
Definition
antiadrogens
alpha blockers |
|
|
Term
| finasteride/Proscar, dutasteride/Avodart |
|
Definition
reduces prostate size, urinary obstruction, urgency, nocturia, hesitancy
anti-androgen
in BPH
suppressive only, 6-12 months for effect |
|
|
Term
| antiandrogen side effects, cautions |
|
Definition
impotence, decreased libido, dec. ejac., gynecomastia
cautions: screen for CA. infect, urinary dysfunction
liver function exacerbated, pregnant women shouldn't handle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha blocker, blocks alpha 1 receptors in smooth muscle in bladder neck and prostate, relaxes them
also: doxazosin/Cardura, terazosin/Hytrin: hypertension and BPH |
|
|
Term
| alpha blocker side effects |
|
Definition
dizziness, HA, nasal congestion
orthostatic hypotension |
|
|
