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| Drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs with similar actions equivalent to the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone. For example 1+1 = 2 (compare with synergistic effect) |
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| A general term for any undesirable effects that are a direct response to one of more drugs. |
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| A drug that binds to and stimulates the activity of one or more receptors in the body |
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| An immunologic hypersensitivity reaction resulting from the unusual sensitivity of a patient to a particular medication; a type of adverse drug event. |
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| A drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of one or more receptors in the body. Antagonist are also called inhibitors. |
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| A measure of the extent of the drug absorption for a given drug and route (from 0% to 100%). |
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| One or more biochemical reactions involving a parent drug. Biotransformation that is either inactive or active. Also known as metabolism. |
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| The barrier system that restricts the passage of various chemicals and microscopic entities (e.g., bacteria, viruses) between the blood stream and the central nervous system. It still allows for the passage of essential substances such as oxygen. |
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| The name that describes the chemical composition and molecular structure of the drug. |
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| The process by which solid forms of drugs disintegrate in the gastrointestinal tract and become soluble before being absorbed into the circulation. |
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| Any chemical that affects the physiological process of a living organism. |
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| The length of time the concentration of a drug in the blood or tissues is sufficient to elicit a response. |
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| The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the bloodstream. |
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| The name given to a drug by the United States Adopted Names Council. Also called the nonproprietary name. The generic name is much shorter and simpler than the chemical name and is not protected by trademark. |
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| The time required for a drug to elicit a therapeutic response after dosing. |
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| The time required for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response in the body. |
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| The maximum concentration of a drug in the body after administration, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring. |
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| The study of the biochemical and physiologic interactions of drugs at their sites of activity. It examines the physiochemical properties of drugs and their pharmacologic interactions with body receptors. |
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| The study of what happens to a drug from the time it is put into the body until the parent drug and metabolites have left the body. Pharmacokinetics represent the drug absorption into, distribution and metabolism within, and excretion from the body. |
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Definition
| Drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs with similar actions is greater than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone. For example, 1 + 1 is greater than 2 (compare with additive effects). |
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Definition
| The desired or intended effect of a particular medication. |
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Definition
| The ratio between the toxic and therapeutic concentrations of a drug. |
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| Reduced response to a drug after prolonged use. |
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| The quality of being poisonous (i.e., injurious to health or dangerous to life). |
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| The lowest concentration of drug reached in the body after it falls from its peak level, usually measured in a blood sample for theapeutic drug monitoring. |
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