Medication enters the body in one form, changes inot a solution in order to be utilized.

example: Tylenol

Dissolved into a solution either in acidic/alkaline. Changes into a form that cabe be absorbed in the bloodstream

Pharmacokinetic Phase

This phase includes the absorption, detoxification, excretion of a particular drug

example: IM shot-->muscle-->bloodstream--.IV medication-->bloodstream-->topical medication-->skin

a. body weight

b. age

Clients with diseases of the liver, kidney, or heart

react differently to medications. Rates of absorption

, metabolism, and excretion can be markedly altered

example: diabetes have harder time to execute the medicine because their kidneys are not functioning as it should

Psychologic factors

attitude and expectations of a person influences the drug's effectiveness

Example: affect how a drug works placebo effect is a fake pill given to pts

Environmental Factors

Climate can affect how a client reacts to certain meds

example: metabolism faster when hot, speed up process of a drug.

Cold slows the absorption of medicine

Time of Administration

Many drugs are absorbed more rapidly from an empty stomach.

example: If given at night, the pt, will not sleep. Time of adminstration as impact on individual to individual

Circadian rhytmn as a effect on how time of admins affect the body

Absorption

Is the process by which a drug passes into the bloodstream

Absorption is the first step in movement of the drug through the body

Skin

Description: Meds placed on surface of skin: topical

example: nicotine,nirtroglycerin,birth ctrl pill,etc

Mucous membrane

local/systematic effect

Meds applied to eye, ear, ear, nose, vagina, urethra or rectum

suppositories, anti-fungus medication, anti-emetics

a. Suppositories-->drugs in base that is solid at room temperature

b. Sublingual/buccal--> med placed under tongue or in cheek

c. Orally-->most common route, swallowed then absorbed from digestive tract stomach or small intestine

Inhalation

distribution of medication in the body after it has been administered

Drugs is absorbed into the (bloodstream)

Drug is distributed throughout the body by circulatory system

Drugs which are attached to plasma proteins are bound or inactive

Unattached drugs are called free and are able to act on body tissues

Biotransformation

1st pass effect. IF it goes through liver it is destroyed that are high.

If liver isn't working well it becomes toxic

Where are the Medications elminated from?

Kidneys

what if kidneys are not functioning well?

Drug products builds up

Pharmacodynamic phase

is that process in which medication reach target cells and the therapeutic effect occurs

How does the therapeutic effect occur?

Answer-->lock & key effect

Drug half life

As the time it takes for 1/2 dose to be cleared from the body

example: aspirin 1/2 life is (650). In 2 hours, left is 225: 4 hours-->163: 6 hours-->82; 8 hours-->41: 10 hours-->20

Elderly-->could dissovle slower, less albumin; heart & kidney problem

Infants-->all organs immature. Have longer 1/2 life

Clients with Liver Disease

Tisseu that does nothing; biotransformation process does nothing

Less mg for liver disease patients