Term
|
Definition
Latin Names:
Part Used:
Active:
MOA:
Uses:
A/E:
Interactions:
Notes: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Latin Names:
Allium sativum
Part used:
Fresh bulbs, dried bulbs and oils
Active:
Allicin, Ajoene, Allistatin I and II,
Selenium, and Germanium
MOA:
Allicin binds CoA to block cholesterol, Ajoene inhibits fibrinogen, germanium and selenium for cancer, selenium for cold, allistatin I and II for antibacterial
Uses:
cholesterolemia, clotting, cancer, cold, antibacterial
A/E:
Bad Breath, Body Odor, GI disturbances, Nausea, Heartburn
interactions: inhibits 2D6 - induces 3A4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Names:
Guggul, Guggulipid, Gum Guggul, Commiphora mukul, similar to myrrh
Part used:
resinous exudate
Active:
guggulsterone
MOA:
antagonist of hormone receptors involved in bile acid regulation and cholesterol metabolism
Uses:
Acne, leprosy, obesity (only aged resin)
Interactions:
None
A/E:
limited; stomach ache, hyperthyroidism (stimulates thyroid hormone) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Latin Names:
Crataegus oxyacantha
Part used:
leaves, flowers, berries
Active:
crataegus acid and flavanoids
MOA:
similar to digoxin - positive inotropic effect - improved O2 supply to heart, block cAMP phosphodiesterase
Uses:
CHF, blood circulation (coronary dilation)
A/E:
none known so far
interactions:
caution with all CV drugs, especially digoxin, chewing tobacco, licorice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Latin Names:
Digitalis purpurea, D. lantana
Part Used:
leaves
Active:
digoxin and digitoxin (cardioglycosides)
MOA:
inhibition of Na/K ATPase pump resulting in positive inotropic effect
Uses: poisons and heart drugs
A/E:
Nausea, Vomiting, Visual disturbances, Ventricular arrhythmias, Bradycardia
Interactions:
amiodarone, itraconazole, verapamil, (dig inhibits p-gp needed for clearance of those)
diuretics (hypokalemia -> dig toxicity)
antiacids (pH increase -> decreased dig bioavail.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Latin Names:
Rauwolfia serpentina
Part Used:
roots and rhizomes
Active:
reserpine
MOA:
reacts with tyramine????
Uses:
blood pressure reduction, anxiety (i.e. after WWII)
A/E:
avoid in depression - can cause drop in BP
Interactions:
MAOIs
notes:
roots must be boiled for long periods of time in alkaline solution to extract reserpine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Latin Names:
Convallaria magalis, may lily, our lady of tears, jacob's ladder, ladder-to-heaven
Part Used:
Whole Plant
Active:
1. Convallamarin and 2. Convallarin
MOA:
cardiac glycoside
Uses:
A/E:
probably similar to Digitalis
Interactions:
probably similar to Digitalis
Notes:
not popular in US due to toxicity; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Latin Names:
Strophantus gratus
Part Used:
seeds
Active:
Ouabagenin
MOA:
cardiac glycoside - central acting - not peripheral blood vessels
Uses:
seeds to make poison arrows - as i.v. in acute cardiac failure -
A/E:
more toxic than digoxin
Interactions:
not within a week of taking digitalis
Notes:
used as a rub to reduce fever and treat skin ulcers or as a concoction to cure ghonorrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Latin Names:
Ginko biloba, Maidenhari Tree, and Tempelbaum
Part Used:
Dried leaf, fruits, seeds, roots
Active:
flavanoids and Terpene Lactones, Bilobalide, Ginkgolides, Quercetin
MOA:
inhibits PAF (improves flow-esp. to brain)
Uses:
circulation, mental health, Alzheimer's Disease, Neroprotectant, Raynaud's Disease, Intermittent Claudication, Diabetes (blood flow in peripheral tissue
A/E:
Interactions:
Notes:
Highest amount in the FALL |
|
|
