Term
|
Definition
| DA agonist, dec prolactin, tx hyperprolactinemia |
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Term
|
Definition
| DA agonist, DOC for hyperprolactinemia |
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Term
|
Definition
| GH agonist, prevent growth failure, tx turners |
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Term
| Mecasermin, Mecasermin Rinfabate |
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Definition
| Inc IGF t1/2, pts unresponsive to GH therapy |
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Term
|
Definition
| Somatostatin Agonist (GH Antagnoist) tx GH excess (acromegaly), reduce tumor size/growth VIP adenomas and Carcinoid tumors |
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Term
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Definition
| GH receptor antagonist, tx GH excess (acromegaly), can induce growth of GH-secreting tumor from lack of negative feedback |
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Term
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Definition
| Agonist of GnRH, tx infertility, diagnose hypogonadotropic hypogonadism |
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Term
| Leuprolide, Gosarelin, Nafarelin (Lower Gonadotropin Numbers) |
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Definition
| Long acting GnRH agonist causes inhibition of gonadotropin, used to silence the HPG axis, tx prostate, breast CA, endometriosis |
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Term
| Cetrorelix, Granirelix (Relax the hormones) |
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Definition
| GnRH antagonist, suppresses LH and FSH for in vitro fertilization |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used as a FSH drug, give first before an LH drug to induce ovulation to tx infertility |
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Term
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Definition
| LH agonist, used second after an FSH drug to induce ovulation and to tx infertility |
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Term
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Definition
| HRT drug, contraceptive use, tx primary hypogonadism at age 11-13 |
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Term
| Tamoxifen, Toremifene (Ta-Ta's) |
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Definition
| SERM, agonist at uterus and bone, ANTagnoist at breast, tx advanced E dependent breast CA, increases risk of uterine CA |
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Term
|
Definition
| SERM, ANTagnoist at both breast and uterus, agonist at bone and liver, used to tx postmenopausal osteoporosis, reduces uterine CA occurrence |
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Term
|
Definition
| SERM, antagonist to hypothalamus, stimulates secretion of LH and FSH from decreased negative feedback resulting in ovulation to tx infertility |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pure estrogen receptor antagonist |
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Term
| Anastrozole, Letrozole, Exemastane (Aromatic ALE) |
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Definition
| Competitive inhibitor of Aromatase, last line of defense in advanced breast CA in post menopausal women when tamoxifen doesn't work |
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Term
| Progesterone, Medroxyprogesterone |
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Definition
| Pregnanes, synthesized by CL in luteal phase, antagonize mineralcorticoid receptor |
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Term
|
Definition
| Estrane, both progestin and androgenic activity, combine with E in oral contraceptives, prevent endometrial hyperplasia in HRT |
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Term
|
Definition
| Block binding of progestin to progesterone receptor which terminates pregnancy and prevents implantation up to 72 hrs post intercourse, antagonizes glucocorticoid receptor |
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Term
| Danzol (Ovaries are done-zo) |
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Definition
| Weak progestin and androgen that suppresses ovarian function, used to tx endometriosis |
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Term
| Drospirenone / Ethinyl Estradiol (Yaz) |
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Definition
| Uses E and Spironolactone derivative (mineralcorticoid antagonist) that is a progesterone agonist, decrease H2O retention, FDA approved for tx PMDD sx |
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Term
|
Definition
| Binds to androgen receptor, transported to nucleus --> synthesis of mRNA, tx for testicular deficiency in males, hypopituitarism in females, nephrosis pts / debilitated post-op pts of both sexes |
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Term
| Flutamide (Females usually play the flute) |
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Definition
| Androgen receptor antagonist (Anti-androgen, anti-male characteristic), tx prostate CA, used topically for hirsutism and male pattern baldness |
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Term
|
Definition
| 5a-reductase inhibitors (converts T --> DHT) so lower levels of DHT and higher levels of T, used to tx BPH, male pattern baldness, TERATOGENIC |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inc blood glucose levels by metabolizing hepatic glycogen when it is available |
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Term
|
Definition
| Non-diuretic thiazide, used to tx insulinomas, inhibits insulin secretion |
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Term
| Tolbutamide, Chlorprop-Amide |
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Definition
| T - Safest 1st gen sulfonylurea in the elderly, t(1/2) = 4-5 hrs, stimulates release of insulin from pancreatic B cells ...... C - 1st gen Sulfonylurea, t(1/2) of 32 hrs, disulfiram effect |
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Term
| Glyburide, Glipizide, Glimepiride (3G) |
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Definition
| 2nd Gen Sulfonylurea's, more potent than 1st gen, stimulate release of insulin from B cells.....Glyburide + Glimepiride have 24 hour duration (qd), Glipizide has a t(1/2) of 2-4 hrs, 18 hr duration |
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Term
|
Definition
| Not sulfas, inc K release by binding to the K+ receptor channel, rapid action, give BEFORE FOOD, lowers postprandial serum GLU, lowers HbA1c, used for pts c sulfa allergy |
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Term
|
Definition
| Biguanide, inc GLU REMOVAL from blood, doesn't effect insulin release, slows GLU absorption in GI tract, dec gluconeogenesis, safe for kids, no wt gain or hypoglycemia |
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Term
| Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone |
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Definition
| Thiazolidinediones, insulin sensitizers, bind to nuclear PPARy receptor leading to inc GLUT synthesis in adipose, extremely long t(1/2) 103-158 hrs, use in combo c metformin, lowers insulin resistance, dec development of T2DM, can cause edema, NOT EFFECTIVE C T1DM, ONLY T2DM |
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Term
|
Definition
| a-Glucosidase Inhibitors, delay carb digestion and absorption, dec postprandial serum GLU levels, no wt change SE's |
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Term
|
Definition
| GLP-1 synthetic analog, resistant to DDP-IV degradation, promotes better glycemic control and decreases postprandial and fasting glucose, am/pm SubQ injections 60 mins before meals |
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Term
|
Definition
| DDP-IV inhibitor, increases effects of incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP, decrease postprandial serum glucose, slightly dec HbA1c, no wt changes, may improve B cell function |
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Term
|
Definition
| Amylin-like peptide, adjunct to insulin tx in both T1DM and T2DM, slows gastric emptying without altering nutrient absorption, works c insulin to regulate postprandial glucose concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| Given parenterally or transmucosally, DOC to induce labor at term (IV), prevent/control hemorrhage (IM), stimulate milk let-down |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ergot alkaloid, induces contraction of uterine sm mm, used after L+D of placenta to produce firm uterine contractions and dec uterine bleeding, can cause hepatic renal or obliterative vascular disease, causes peripheral vasoconstriction, NEVER USED TO INDUCE LABOR |
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Term
|
Definition
| Prostaglandin (PGE2), used to induce expulsion of uterine products in intrauterine fetal death, missed abortion or elective abortion |
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Term
| Carboprost Tromethamine (prostin M15 hemabate) |
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Definition
| Prostaglandin, induces abortion between 13-20th week |
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Term
|
Definition
| Direct relaxation of myometrium + inhibit oxytocin release, NOT FDA APPROVED FOR TX PREMATURE LABOR |
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Term
|
Definition
| Relaxes uterine contraction via direct effect on uterine cells, IV given to pre-eclamptic pts to prevent convulsions |
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Term
|
Definition
| PG Synthase inhibitor, can delay preterm labor, close PDA |
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Term
| Hydroxyprogesterone (Progesterone) |
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Definition
| Give prophylactically in 16th to 37th week to lenghten pregnancy |
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Term
|
Definition
| Calcium channel blocker, 2nd in line tx of premature labor when 1st choice fails |
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Term
|
Definition
| EMERGENCY USE ONLY, sudden transient cervicouterine relaxation within 45-90 seconds |
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Term
|
Definition
| Tx for Addison's, replacement tx for chronic adrenocortical insufficiency |
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Term
|
Definition
| DOC for replacement tx in pts c secondary adrenal insufficiency |
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Term
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Definition
| Anti-inflammatory, primary glucocorticoid properties |
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Term
|
Definition
| NO mineralcorticoid activity, high glucocorticoid activity, anti-inflammatory |
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Term
|
Definition
| Long acting, DOC for cerebral edema |
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Term
|
Definition
| Most commonly prescribed glucocorticoid for inhaled and intranasal use |
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Term
|
Definition
| High mineralcorticoid properties, mild glucocorticoid properties, similar to aldosterone, used c glucocorticoid as replacement therapy in addisons (MINERALCORTICOID REPLACEMENT) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits corticosteroid synthesis, causes atrophy of fasciculata and reticularis, used in primary adrenal carcinoma + to produce remission in Cushing's |
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Term
|
Definition
| "Amino inhibits adrenals" Inhibits conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone, which inhibits adrenal steroid synthesis, tx Cushing's/ metastatic breast CA + prostate CA |
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Term
|
Definition
| Antifungal that inhibits steroid formation, high doses used to for pre-surgery or to tx Cushings, NOT APPROVED LONG TERM |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inhibitor of CYP11B1 (terminal enzyme of cortisol synthesis), UNAVAILABLE IN US, only drug that can be given to pregnant women, decreases cortisol and aldosterone |
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Term
| Mifepristone (ACTH lecture) |
|
Definition
| Antagonist of progesterone receptors and glucocorticoid lectures, induces abortions, used for inoperable pts c ACTH secreting tumors who have not responded to other tx |
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Term
|
Definition
| K+ sparing diuretic, competes c aldosterone for binding sites, tx for primary aldosteronism, tx hirsutism and ascites |
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Term
|
Definition
| T4, DOC for treating hypothyroidism, keeps TSH in normal range, takes time to bring TSH back to normal levels, take on an empty stomach |
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Term
|
Definition
| T3, initial therapy for myxedema, NOT FOR MAINTENANCE |
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Term
| Propylthiouracil (PTU), Methylthiouracil |
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Definition
| DOC for Grave's disease, inhibit synthesis of thyroid hormone, can cause GRANULOCYTOPENIA AND AGRANULOCYTOSIS (sore throat), DOC in preggo as it doesn't cross the placenta readily |
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Term
|
Definition
| Rapid decrease in release of thyroid hormone, decrease synthesis of T3/T4, used before thyroid surgery to decrease vascularity of thyroid |
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Term
|
Definition
| Low dose = diagnostic, high dose = thyroid ablation, elderly/heart pts to tx thyrotoxicosis |
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Term
|
Definition
| B blocker used to treat S/S of hyperthyroidism, dont give to pts c asthma/obstructive airway disease |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits bone resorption + antagonizes actions of PTH, give intranasally or injected |
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Term
|
Definition
| Intermittent spikes of PTH, will cause more of an increase in bone formation than bone resorption, tx osteoporosis |
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Term
| Aldendronate (bisphosphonates) |
|
Definition
| Inhibits osteoclastic activity + bone resorption, tx post-menopausal osteoporosis, give once weekly |
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Term
|
Definition
| Non-selective B agonist, not used, causes more SE's, inc likelyhood of death from asthma |
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Term
|
Definition
| B2 agonist, not likely to create tolerance, tx mild/moderate asthma, causes bronchodilation, activates adenylate cyclase + inc cAMP |
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Term
|
Definition
| B2 agonist, l-isomer of albuterol, causes more bronchodilation than albuterol, less SE's |
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Term
|
Definition
| B2 agonist, CANT BE USED C SPACER, difficult to use in acute cases |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bronchoselective B2 agonists, can develop tolerance, give prophylactically to control chronich or severe asthma, sold as a combo c corticosteroid (Advair), NOT FOR ACUTE USE takes time to take effect |
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Term
|
Definition
| Muscarinic antagonist, causes bronchodilation in lung, tx COPD |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blocks adenosine receptors, inhibits phosphodiesterase and inc cAMP --> relaxes bronchiole sm mm, narrow therapeutic index, tx COPD, antacids block absorption --> CANT BREATHE |
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Term
| Beclomethasone, Funisolide |
|
Definition
| Inhaled steroids, dec inflammation in airways, improve sx, can cause Thrush and hoarseness, many pulmonary docs believe that this should be prescribed as 1st line tx |
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Term
| Methylprednisolone, Prednisone |
|
Definition
| Oral steroids, not usually used b/c of significant SE's |
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Term
| Zafirlukast, Montelukast, Pranlukast (-kast) |
|
Definition
| Block leukotriene receptor, dec inflammation in airway of asthmatics, must be taken chronically, WONT STOP AN ASTHMA ATTACK, inhibits early response to allergens and asthmatic responses to cold air/exercise |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blocks 5-lipooxygenase, dec synthesis of leukotrienes, dec inflammation in airways of asthmatics, must be taken chronically, not for acute attack |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits release of histamine from mast cells, tx asthma IN KIDS, take multiple times a day to be effective |
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Term
|
Definition
| Monoclonal AB targeted at IgE, preventing its binding to mast cells and basophils, prevent allergic reactions in pt's c moderate or severe asthma |
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Term
| Diphenhydramine, Promethazine, Hydroxyzine (DPH) |
|
Definition
| Very sedating H1 antagonists, used for allergic rhinitis (D), motion sickness, sleep aide (All) |
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|
Term
| Bromocriptine, Chlorpheneramine |
|
Definition
| Block H1 receptors, moderatly sedating, tx allergic rhinitis |
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Term
| Certrizine, Fexofenadine, Loratidine (CFL) |
|
Definition
| Non sedating H1 receptor blocker, tx allergic rhinitis, don't use c hx of seizure, antihistamines, dec seizure threshold |
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|
Term
| Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium, Aluminum Hydroxie, Sodium Bicarb |
|
Definition
| Neutralize Acid to form salt and H2O, Mg = inc gastric motility and causes diarrhea, Al = dec gastric motility and causes constipation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Combo which decreases SE's of both drugs (counteract each other) |
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|
Term
| Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine (-tidine) |
|
Definition
| H2 Antagonists, blocks H2 receptor --> inhibit gastric acid secretion (Cimetidine inhibits CYP3A, dec metabolism of other drugs), used for reflux esophagitis, ZE syndrome, and post-op to decrease damate from aspiration |
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|
Term
| Omeprazole, Esomeprazole, Lansoprazole, Rabeproazole, Pantoprazole (-prazole) |
|
Definition
| PPI's - irreversible inhibit proton pump, SELECTIVE for GI parietal cell, almost total inhibitio nof gastric acid secretion...... DOC GERD, ulcers, ZE syndrome (O. E. and L. inhibit CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 so they have significant drug interactions) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Al salt, polymerizes to form sticky, viscous protective barrier over ulcer crater, SE - constipation, tx Ulcers |
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|
Term
| Misoprostol (Ulcer lecture) |
|
Definition
| Prostaglandin E1 analog, prevent ulceration induced by NSAID's, increase mucus secretion, DONT GIVE TO PREGGO CAN CAUSE ABORTION |
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|
Term
| Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto) |
|
Definition
| Coats stomach, anti H. Pylori, anti-diarrheal, DONT GIVE TO PTS C ASPIRIN ALLERGY OR KIDS (can cause Reye's syndrome) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Muscarinic agonist, enhances motility and tone in GI tract, tx post-op ileus / gastric hypomobility |
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Term
|
Definition
| D2 receptor antagonist, enhances motility and tone in upper GI tract + esophageal sphincter, tx gastroparesis (stomach paralysis), GERD, gastric hypomotility post-op and acts as an antiemetic, DONT GIVE TO PREGGO |
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|
Term
| Glycopyrrolate, Dicyclomine |
|
Definition
| Anti-cholinergic, blocks choinergic stimulation of the GI tract, DEC motility, tx IBS |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blocks 5HT3 receptors, tx women c severe diarrhea-predominant IBS, SE = constipation, DONT USE IN PTS C GI DEFICIENCY OR DISEASE |
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|
Term
| Dietary Fiber, Methylcellulose, Psyllium |
|
Definition
| Inc bulk of feces by attracting H2O, DRINK A LOT OF WATER WITH THESE, tx chronic constipation |
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Term
| Mg Hydroxide, Sodium salts, lactulose, sorbitol/mannitol, polyethylene glycol |
|
Definition
| Osmotic laxatives, poorly absorbed salts/sugars that hold water in the intestine, NOT FOR ROUTINE USE, clean out bowel for surgery or dx procedures |
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Term
|
Definition
| Acts on mucosa to inhibit absorption of H2O |
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Term
|
Definition
| Plant extract that acts on mucosa to stimulate peristalsis |
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Term
|
Definition
| Combines c bile to form ricinoleic acid in intestine that acts on mucosa to stimulate intense emptying of bowel, DONT GIVE C BILIARY OBSTRUCTION |
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Term
|
Definition
| Allows H20 to penetrate colonic contents and softens stools |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inc intestinal fluid secretion by activating CIC-2 Cl- channels in luminal cells of intestinal epithelium, stool softener, SE's = spontaneous BM's + nausea, won't develop tolerance |
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Term
|
Definition
| OTC opioid analog that decreases peristalsis, doesn't cross BBB, tx diarrhea + create constipation, DONT USE IN U.C. PTS, CAN LEAD TO TOXIC MEGACOLON |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits cholinergic receptors, dec peristalsis, tx diarrhea, elicit constipation |
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|
Term
| Colloidal Bismuth Salicylate |
|
Definition
| Absorb excess H2O, inhibit prostaglandin synthesis --> anti-inflammatory, tx traveler's diarrhea, SE = black stools, DONT GIVE TO PTS TAKING ASPIRIN OR IN KIDS (Reyes) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Somatostatin analogue that inhibits gastrin release, give IV to tx carcinoid / VIP tumor |
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Term
|
Definition
| Mild anti-inflammatory, tx UC sx + mild anti-diarrheal, DONT GIVE TO PTS TAKING ASPIRIN OR KIDS (Reyes) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Anti-flatulent that dissapates gas and makes it pass easier, can cause a loose external anal sphincter |
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