Term
| Parkinson's has too little ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Alzheimer's has a loss of ___ in the ___ (part of brain). |
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Definition
| Acetylcholine in the hippocampus |
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Term
| Myasthenia has a loss of ___ RECEPTORS. |
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Definition
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Term
What is the area that the Ach loss in Parkinson's affects?
This area supplies dopamine to a part of the brain called the ___ ___, that controls ___. |
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Definition
Substantia Nigra
Corpus Stratium- Muscles |
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Term
| Since dopamine in Parkinson's is decreased, what neurotransmitter is increased? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the major symptom of Parkinson's?
____ motion describes this rigid gearshift movement. |
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Definition
Resting tremor
Cogwheel motion |
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Term
| Why do Parkinson's patients exhibit EPS? |
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Definition
| The increase of Ach causes it |
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Term
| The MOA of antiparkinsonians is to either increase ___ and/or block ___. |
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Definition
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Term
Since ___ can't cross the blood-brain barrier, we use ___/___ because it can cross the blood-brain barrier.
Levadopa/L-dopa is a ___ to Dopamine. |
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Definition
Dopamine; Levadopa/L-dopa
Precursor |
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Term
When we give L-dopa, it's sometimes metabolized into Dopamine in the ___ instead of the brain and it causes bad S/S.
To be more specific, L-dopa can be metabolized in the ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ prevents the metabolism of L-dopa in the stomach, and instead metabolizes it in the brain. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 dangerous S/S that result from administering L-dopa + Carbidopa. |
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Definition
Hypotension
Dysrhythmias
Tachycardia
*GET BASELINE VS! |
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Term
| High ___ diets inhibit L-dopa's absorption. |
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Definition
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Term
Vitamin ___ reverses L-dopa's effects.
Name 5 foods containing this vitamin. |
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Definition
Vitamin B6
1. Beef
2. Liver
3. Pork
4. Sweet Potatoes
5. Oatmeal |
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Term
| Since L-dopa and Carbidopa increase Parkinson threshold levels, these meds are saved for ___ in the disease process. |
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Definition
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Term
| High doses of L-dopa and Carbidopa cause ___ and ___. |
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Definition
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Term
Toxic doses of L-dopa and Carbidopa cause ___ ___ and ___ ___.
What is the earliest sign of toxicity? |
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Definition
Muscle twitching and mood changes
Spasmodic blinking |
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Term
| Anticholinergics are used in the ___ part of Parkinson's disease process. |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary anticholinergic drug used for Parkinson's is ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Anticholinergics have fewer side effects because they are ___ acting. |
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Definition
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Term
| Anticholinergics block ___ in Parkinson's disease. |
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Definition
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Term
Don't take Cogentin with ___, ___, ___, or OTC ___ meds.
All of these contraindicated meds increase ___ stimulation. |
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Definition
TCA's, MAOI's, Phenothiazines (Compazine, Phenergan), or OTC cold meds.
SNS |
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Term
| We don't use TCA's with Cogentin because they increase ___/___ and cause ___ side effects |
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Definition
Dopamine/Norepinephrine
Anticholinergic |
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Term
| We don't use MAOI's with Cogentin because they increase ___ and cause ___ side effects. |
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Definition
Norepinephrine
Anticholinergic |
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Term
| We use ___ in Parkinson's when the main medications aren't being as effective. |
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Definition
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Term
Parkinson's Adjunct:
A dopamine agonist that directly activates the dopamine receptors. Side effects are ___, ___, and ___. |
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Definition
Ropinirole (Requip)
Nausea, constipation, dizziness |
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Term
Parkinson's Adjunct:
Antiviral that releases Dopamine from nerve terminals. |
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Definition
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Term
Name 5 S/S of Alzheimer's:
1. Progressive ___ loss
2. ___
3. ___ (early)
4. Inability to ___
5. Inability to ___ |
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Definition
1. Progressive memory loss
2. Confusion
3. Depression (early)
4. Inability to think
5. Inability to communicate |
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Term
| Alzheimer's causes a loss of ___ in the ___ (center for learning/memory). |
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Definition
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Term
These medications increase Ach in Alzheimer's.
Name 2 of these meds. |
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Definition
Anticholinesterase inhibitors (AchE)
1. Donepezil (Aricept)
2. Tacrine (Cognex) |
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Term
| ___ has a HIGH risk for hepatotoxicity. What labs will you need? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of side effects are most common with Anticholinesterase Inhibitors? |
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Definition
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Term
| Let Alzheimer's patients know that it takes at least ___ weeks for effects. It takes ___ months for maximum benefits. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cognex causes in increased incidence of ___ ___, ___, and ___ ___. |
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Definition
Urinary frequency
Hepatotoxicity
GI bleed |
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Term
Others meds that can be used for Alzheimer's:
___ (Vitamin E)
Meds to control ___ symptoms
___ or ___'s for depression or anxiety |
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Definition
Antioxidants (Vitamin E)
Meds to control psychotic symptoms
Buspar or SSRI's for depression or anxiety |
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Term
| Myasthenia gravis is an ___ D/O that has a loss of Ach ___. |
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Definition
| Autoimmune; Ach receptors |
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Term
| The main med for Myasthenia is ____, which is an ____ inhibitor. |
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Definition
Neostigmine (Prostigmin)
Ancetylcholinesterase inhibitor |
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Term
| Since Prostigmin increases the PNS, there must be ___ at the bedside when given ___ route. |
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Definition
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Term
| Prostigmin is given ___ route but is terribly absorbed in the ___ ___. Therefore it is given in VERY high doses. |
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Definition
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Term
| You MUST take Prostigmin at the ___ time every day. If not, the Ach ___ will close. |
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Definition
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Term
| What test is used to Dx Myasthenia? |
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Definition
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