Who are we?

We are the beta 2 agonists used to treat Asthma (also COPD)

One of us is short-acting

One of us is long-acting

Proventil (albuterol)- short acting

Severent (salmeterol)- long acting, can be combined with fluticasone in Advair

What is my MOA and what do I treat?

Theo-Dur (theophylline)

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor which activates histone deacetylase

(increases cAMP and PKA, bronchodilation, decreases inflammatory mediator release and allergen response)

Used to treat Asthma

Who am I?

I am used to treat Asthma

I am a leukotriene recept antagonist

I reduce hyper-responsiveness and inflammation

What is my MOA?

Zyflo (zileuton)

What should you avoid if taking me?

5-lipoxygenase inhibitor

(reduces hyper-responsiveness and inflammation)

used for Asthma prophylaxis and chronic treatment

Avoid alcohol (do not use with liver disease)

How do we help treat asthma?

Cromolyn Sodium and Nedocromil

What is my MOA and why am I black boxed?

Xolair (omalizumab)

Anti-IgE monoclonal antibody that blocks IgE binding to Fc receptor

Black boxed due to anaphylaxis 

Who are we?

We are the muscarinic Receptor antagonists used to treat COPD

One of us has a short half life, while the other has a long half life

Atrovent (ipratropium)= short (20min half life)

Apiriva (tiotropium) long (35hour half life)

Who am I?

I am a combo drug that combines a muscarinic receptor antagonist with  a beta 2 agonist

What are we and what do we treat?

Humalong (lispro), Apirdra (glulisine), Novolog (aspart)

What are we and what do we treat?

Humulin N, Novolin N, Humulin L Lente

What are we and what do we treat?

Levemir (detemir), Lantus (glargine), Tresiba (degludec)

What is my MOA and what do I treat?

Symlin (pramlinitide)

Synthetic amylin analog

Binds and activates multiple receptors to inhibit gastric emptying, prevents postprandial rise in blood glucose and lowers glucagon secretion

Used for diabetes

What is our MOA?

Byetta (exenatide) and Victoza (liraglutide)

GLP-1 (glucagon- like- peptide) receptor agonists 

used for type II diabetes

stimulates insulin sensitivity and secretion, inhibits glucagon release, increases satiety, promotes weight loss

Who am I?

I am a biguanide that inhibits mitochondrial complex I

I am used to treat type II diabetes

You should not use me if you have Kidney Disease

Glucophage (metformin)

Decreases glucose production by liver, increases insulin sensitivity, enhance glucose uptake by cells, decrease intestinal absorption of glucose

What is our MOA?

DiaBeta (glyburide) and Glucotrol (glipizide)

Sulfonylureas that bind sulfonylurea receptor SUR1 

triggers inhibition of ATP dependent K+ channels in pancreatic beta cells

opens Ca2+ channels allowing insulin release

Used for type II diabetes

Who am I?

I am a meglitinide used to treat type II diabetes

I inhibit K+ channels in pancreatic beta cells

Opens Ca2+ channels, stimulating insulin release

Who am I?

I competitively inhibit alpha glucosidase, hydrolase, and pancreatic alpha amylase

I delay the breakdown of carbohydrates to glucose which allows them to be expelled from the body

Used to treat type II diabetes

Who am I?

I am a thiazolinedione (PPAR-gamma agonist)

Insulin mimetic and increases insulin sensitivity

You should not use me if you have heart failure

Used to treat type II diabetes

Who are we?

We are dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors used to treat type II diabetes

We slow the inactivation of GLP-1

You should not use us if you have pancreatitis

What is our MOA and what do we treat?

Farxiga (dapagliflozin), Invoakana (canagliflozin), Jardiance (empagliflozin)

The "flozins"

Sodium Glucose Co-transporter inhibitors (SGLT2)

Allow excretion of glucose through urine

used for type II diabetes

do not use in patients with kidney disease

Who are we?

We are used as replacement therapy for patients with Hypothyroidism

Synthroid (levothyroxine)= T4

Cytomel (liothyronine)= T3

Thyrolar (liotrix) T4 and T3 in a 4:1 ratior

Radioactive iodine (concentrates in the thyroid where beta particles destroy the gland)

Propylthiouracil (inhibits thyroid peroxidase which is an enzyme needed for thyroid hormone synthesis)

can cause Agranulocytosis (neutropenia)

Surgery (removal of thyroid)

Monophasic (fixed dose of hormones throughout the month)

Biphasic (fixed dose of estrogen, progesterone doses increase during the month)

Triphasic (varying amounts of hormones during the month)

What is my MOA and what do I treat?

Didronel (etidronate)

non-nitrogenous bisphosphonate used to treat osteoporosis

metabolite replaces terminal phosphate in ATP which promotes osteoclast apoptosis and increases bone mineral density

Who am I?

I am a nitrogenous bisphosphonate used for osteoporosis 

I inhibit farnesyl diphosphonate synthase (HMG-CoA reductase pathway)

I promote osteoclast apoptosis, increase bone mineral density and reduce prenylated proteins

I cause a bleeding risk with NSAIDs/Aspirin and Desferisirox

Fosamax (alendronate)

Who am I?

I am a selective estrogen receptor modulater (SERM)

Partial agonist in bone and antagonist in uterine and breast tissue

Evista (raloxifene)

What is my MOA and what do I treat?

Forteo (teriparatide)

PTH receptor agonist in bone, kidney, CNS, pancreas

Used to treat osteoporosis 

Who am I?

I am an antibody to RANKL

inhibit osteoclast maturation, shifts balance to osteoblast activity and bone formation

Who am I?

I am used as androgen replacement

I intracellularly convert to dihydrotestosterone of 5-alpha reductase

I activate transcription of androgen dependent genes resulting in secondary sexual characteristics, increased muscle and bone mass, and growth of body hair

Do not use me if you're pregnant or have prostate cancer