Term
| Time it takes for amount of drug to fall to half of its value, constant in first order kinetics (majority of drugs) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This step of metabolism makes drug more hydrophilic and hence augments elimination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Barbiturates, phenytoin, carbamazepine, and rifampin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cimetidine, ketoconazole, erythromycin, isoniazid and grapefruit |
|
|
Term
| Ability of a drug to produce a biologic effect |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Mechanism of action (MOA) utilizes intracellular receptors |
|
Definition
| Thyroid and steroid hormones |
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|
Term
| MOA utilizes transmembrane receptors |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Used for organophosphate/anticholinesterase poisoning |
|
Definition
| Atropine, pralidoxime (2-PAM) |
|
|
Term
| Acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity |
|
Definition
| N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) |
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|
Term
| Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), streptokinase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Naloxone (IV), naltrexone (PO) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Interaction with this drug requires dose reduction of 6-MP |
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Definition
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|
Term
| May protect against doxorubicin toxic by scavenging free radicals |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Blows DNA (breaks DNA strands), limiting SE is pulmonary fibrosis |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Interact with microtubules (but unlike vinca which prevent disassembly of tubules), it stabilizes tubulin and cells remain frozen in metaphase |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Anti-estrogen used for estrogen receptor + breast cancer |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Anti-emetics used in association with anti-cancer drugs that are 5-HT3 (serotonin receptor subtype) antagonist |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Dopamine (DA) agonist (for Parkinson’s disease), used also for hyperprolactinemia |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Hormone inhibiting prolactin release |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| ACTH analog used for diagnosis of patients with corticosteroid abnormality |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Synthetic analog of ADH hormone used for diabetes insipidus and nocturnal enuresis |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Most widely used thyroid drugs such as Synthroid and Levoxyl contain |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Thioamide less likely to cross placenta, inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 -> T3 in high doses, and should be used with extreme caution in pregnancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PTU (propylthiouracil) MOA |
|
Definition
| Inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis - blocks iodination of tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin |
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|
Term
| Some AEs of corticosteroids |
|
Definition
| Osteopenia, impaired wound healing, increased risk of infection, increased appetite, HTN, edema, PUD, euphoria, psychosis |
|
|
Term
| Diuretic used to antagonize aldosterone receptors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common AE of spironolactone |
|
Definition
| Gynecomastia and hyperkalemia |
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|
Term
| Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used for prevention of osteoporosis and currently being tested for treatment of breast cancer (Stars study) |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Non-steroidal estrogen against causes clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina in daughters of women who used it during pregnancy |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Converted to more active form DHT by 5 alpha-reductase |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Drug is used with testosterone for male fertility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Produce of proinsulin cleavage used to assess insulin abuse |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increase bone density, also being tested for breast CA tx |
|
Definition
| Raloxifene (SERM-selective estrogen receptor modulator) |
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|
Term
| Used intranasally and decreases bone resorption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug that causes contraction of the uterus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Distribution of histamine receptors H1, H2, and H3 |
|
Definition
| Smooth muscle; stomach, heart, and mast cells; nerve endings, CNS respectively |
|
|
Term
| Prototype antagonist of H1 and H2 receptors |
|
Definition
| Diphenhydramine and impromidine respectively |
|
|
Term
| 1st generation antihistamine that is highly sedating |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1st generation antihistamine that is least sedating |
|
Definition
| Chlorpheniramine or cyclizine |
|
|
Term
| 2nd generation antihistamines |
|
Definition
| Fexofenadine, loratadine, and cetirizine |
|
|
Term
| H2 blocker that causes the most interactions with other drugs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5HT-1d agonist used for migraine headaches |
|
Definition
| Sumatriptan, naratriptan, and rizatriptan |
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|
Term
| Agents for reduction of postpartum bleeding |
|
Definition
| Ergonovine and ergotamine |
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|
Term
| Agents used in treatment of carcinoid tumor |
|
Definition
| Ketanserin cyproheptadine, and phenoxybenzamine |
|
|
Term
| 5HT-3 antagonist used in chemotherapeutic induced emesis |
|
Definition
| Ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron, and alosetron |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ergot alkaloid used as an illicit drug |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dopamine agonist used in hyperprolacinemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mediator of tissue pain, edema, inactivated by ACE, and may be contributing factor to the development of angioedema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug causing depletion of substance P (vasodilator) |
|
Definition
| Capsaicin (thing that makes peppers spicy) |
|
|
Term
| Prostaglandins that cause abortions |
|
Definition
| Prostaglandin E1 (misoprostol) PGE2, and PGF2alpha |
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|
Term
| Inhibitor of lipoxygenase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Used in pedriatrics to maintain patency of ductus arteriosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prostaglandin used in the tx of impotence |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| MOA and effect of nitric oxide |
|
Definition
| Simulates cGMP which leads to vascular smooth muscle relaxation |
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|
Term
| Muscarinic antagonist used in asthma |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| AE of long-term (>5 d) corticosteroid therapy and remedy |
|
Definition
| Adrenal suppression and weaning slowly, respectively |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blocks peptidoglycan synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Meningitis prophylaxis in exposed patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Technique used to dx perianal itching, and the drug used to treat it |
|
Definition
Scotch tape technique
mebendazole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase |
|
|
Term
| Cheap wide spectrum antibiotic DOC of otitis media |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| DOC for giardia, bacterial vaginosis, pseudomembranous colitis, and trichomonas |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Tx for TB pts (think RIPE) |
|
Definition
| Rifampin, Isoniazin, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol |
|
|
Term
| Common side effect of Rifampin |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HIV antiviral class known to have severe drug interactions by causing inhibition of metabolism |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Drug used for N. gonorrhea in females |
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Definition
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|
Term
| DOC for herpes and its MOA |
|
Definition
| Acyclovir and it inhibits thymidine kinase |
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|
Term
| Anti-microbials that cause hemolysis in G6PD-defieient patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antibiotic frequently used for chronic UTI prophylaxis |
|
Definition
| Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim |
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|
Term
| Major effect of benzos on sleep at high doses |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Reason benzos are used cautiously in pregnancy |
|
Definition
| Ability to cross the placenta |
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|
Term
| Antidote to benzo OD (antagonist that reverses the CNS effects) |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Agent that is metabolized to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| System that increases in activity with chronic exposure and may contribute to tolerance |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The most common neurologic abnormality in chronic alcoholics |
|
Definition
| Peripheral neuropathy (also excessive alcohol use is associated with HTN, anemia, and MI) |
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|
Term
| DOC for generalized tonic-clonic and partial seizures |
|
Definition
| Valproic acid and phenytoin |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Ethosuximide and valproic acid |
|
|
Term
| DOC for myoclonic seizures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antiseizure drugs also used for neuropathic pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gingival hyperplasia, nystagmus, diplopia and ataxia |
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|
Term
| DOC for malignant hyperthermia that may be caused by use of halogenated anesthetics |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Benzo receptor antagonist, it accelerates recovery from benzo OD |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Opioid associated with respiratory depression, but is used in high risk patients who may not survive full general anesthesia |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| DOC for malignant hyperthermia by acting on the sarcoplasmic reticulum or skeletal muscle |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Antipsychotics, reserpine at high doses, and MPTP (by-product of illicit meperidine analog) and is irreversible |
|
Definition
| Drug-induced Parkinsonism |
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|
Term
| AEs occuring in antipsychotics that block DA |
|
Definition
| Hyperprolactinemia, menorrhea, galactorrhea, confusion, mood changes, decreased sexual interest, and weight gain |
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|
Term
| Antipsychotic used in the tx of psychiatric symptoms in pts with dementia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atypical antipsychotic causing high prolactin levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug used in neuroleptic malignant syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antipsychotic having the strongest autonomic effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agent having no effect on D2 receptors, blocks D4, reserved for resistant schizophrenia, and can cause agranulocytosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-psychotic not shown to cause tardive dyskinesia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major route of elimination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pts being treated, who are dehydrated, or taking diuretics concurrently, could develop… |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DOC for bipolar affective disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tremor, sedation, ataxia, aphasia, thyroid enlargement, and reversible DI |
|
|
Term
| TCA used in chronic pain, enuresis, and ADD |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Heterocyclic antidepressants least likely to affect sexual performance, used for mgmt of nicotine withdrawal, AEs include dizziness, dry mouth, aggravation of psychosis, and seizures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Activation of these receptors close Ca++ ion channels to inhibit neurotransmitter release |
|
Definition
| Presynaptic mu, delta, and kappa receptors |
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|
Term
| Tolerance to all effects of opioid agonists can develop except… |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Opioid used in the mgmt of withdrawal states |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Opioid available trans-dermally |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Opioid that can be given PO, epidurally, IV, which helps to relieve the dyspnea of pulmonary edema |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Codeine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone |
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|
Term
| Opioid antagonist that is given IV and had short DOA |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Opioid antagonist that is given orally in alcohol dependency programs |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Readily detected markers that may assist in dx of the cause of a drug OD include |
|
Definition
| Changes in HR, BP, respiration, temperature, sweating, bowel signs, and pupillary responses |
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|
Term
| Leads to respiratory depression progressing to coma and death |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This agent may cause more severe, rapid and intense symptoms to a recovering addict |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These agents are CNS depressants |
|
Definition
| Ethanol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines |
|
|
Term
| Txs available for nicotine addiction |
|
Definition
| Patches, gum, nasal spray, psychotherapy, and bupropion |
|
|
Term
| THC is the active ingredient; SEs include impairment of judgment and reflexes, decreases in BP and psychomotor performance occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This agent has greater affinity for muscarinic receptors and used for post-op and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toxicity of organophosphates |
|
Definition
| DUMBELSS (diarrhea, urination, miosis (small pupils), bronchoconstriction, excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, lacrimation, salivation, and sweating) |
|
|
Term
| Treat manifestations of PD and EPS |
|
Definition
| Benztropine, trihexylphenidyl |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Produce mydriasis and cycloplegia |
|
Definition
| Atropine, homatropine, tropicamide |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilation in asthma and COPD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pneumonic for beta receptors |
|
Definition
| You have 1 heart (beta 1) and 2 lungs (beta 2) |
|
|
Term
| This is the DOC for anaphylactic shock |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These agents decrease blood flow or increase BP, are local decongestants, and are used in therapy of spinal shock (temporary maintenance of BP which may help maintain perfusion) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Selective alpha1 blocker used for HTN, BPH, may cause first dose orthostatic hypotension |
|
Definition
| Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin |
|
|
Term
| Selective B1 receptor blockers that may be useful in treating pts with asthma |
|
Definition
| Acebutolol, atenolol, esmolol, metoprolol |
|
|
Term
| This betablocker lacks local anesthetic activity (decreases protective reflexes and increases the risk of corneal ulceration) and used in tx glaucoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These beta blockers decrease aqueous secretion |
|
Definition
| Timolol (nonselective), betaxolol (selective) |
|
|
Term
| Inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Captopril and enalapril (-OPRIL ending) are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Losartan and valsartan block |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Constipation, edema, and headache |
|
|
Term
| Cardioselective Beta1 blockers |
|
Definition
| Atenolol, acebutolol, and metoprolol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bradycardia, SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION, decrease in HDL, and increase in triglycerols (TG) |
|
|
Term
| Alpha1 selective blockers |
|
Definition
| Prazosin, terazosin and doxazosin (-AZOSIN ending) |
|
|
Term
| Alpha1a-selective blocker for BPH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Orthostatic hypotension (esp w/ first dose) and reflex tachycardia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Geriatrics d/t its CNS (depression) effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diuretic used for mountain sickness and glaucoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Paresthesias, alkalization of urine (which may cause precip of calcium salts), hypokalemia, acidosis, and encephalopathy in patients with hepatic impairment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| AE of loop (furosemide) diuretics |
|
Definition
| Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia and ototoxicity |
|
|
Term
| Loops lose and thiazide diuretics retain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SOA of thiazide diuretics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| AE of thiazide (HCTZ) diuretics |
|
Definition
| Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia and hyperglycemia |
|
|
Term
| Potassium sparing diuretics inhibit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diuretic used to treat primary aldosteronism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gynecomastia, hyperkalemia, and impotence |
|
|
Term
| Osmotic diuretic used for increased ICP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ADH agonist used for pituitary diabetes insipidus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA of class IA (eg procainamide), class IB (lidocaine), and class IC (flecainide) antiarrhythmics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DOC for management of acute ventricular arrhythmias |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Life threatening cardiac event that prolongs QT leads to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA of sildenafil (Viagra) |
|
Definition
| Inhibits phosphodiesterase-5, enhancing effects of nitric oxide-activated increases in cGMP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Relax vascular smooth muscle, at low doses dilate veins, at high doses dilate arterioles |
|
|
Term
| Vitamin K dependent anticoagulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heparin (PTT) increases activity of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidote to reverse actions of heparin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Degradation of fibrin clots and are administered |
|
|
Term
| Thrombolytics are used for |
|
Definition
| Pulmonary embolism and DVT |
|
|
Term
| Agent for pernicious anemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agent for megaloblastic anemia (but does NOT reverse neuro symptoms) and ↓neural tube defects during pregnancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug or foods (grapefruit juice) that increase statin effect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Monitoring parameter to obtain before initiation of STATINs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Decreases liver TG synthesis, Increasing HDL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fibrates (gemfibrozil) increase activity of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agent used for closure of patent ductus arteriosus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agents used to keep PDA open |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antipyretic and analgesic activity |
|
|
Term
| Antidote for APAP toxicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Indomethacin and phenylbutazone |
|
|
Term
| Allopurinol treats chronic gout by inhibiting |
|
Definition
|
|
