Term
Benzodiazapenes
Classification |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Diazepam (dogs, cats, horses, small ruminants)
Midazolam (dogs, cats, horses, ruminants)
Lorazepam (dogs)
Zolazepam (combine with Tiletamine) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Promote the binding of GABA to the GABA-A receptors leading to hyper=polarization of the post-synaptic membrane |
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Term
Benzos
Pharmacological Effects |
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Definition
-dose dependent
-fast onset of action and a variable duration of action depends on dose and species
-Muscle relaxer
-Resp depression
-Sedation/ decreased anxiety/ anticonvulsant
-minimal CV depression
-reduction of pre and post load |
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Term
Benzos
Pharmacological Effects |
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Definition
| This class provides NO analgesia |
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Term
Benzos
Adverse Effects (^ concentration) |
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Definition
Profound CNS depression
Hypotension |
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Term
Benzos
Adverse Effects (Horses) |
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Definition
-muscle fasciculations
-weakness
-ataxia |
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Term
Benzos
Adverse Effects (cats) |
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Definition
-Change in behavior
-appetite stimulant
-HEPATIC FAILURE if given PO |
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Term
Benzos
Adverse Effects (dogs) |
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Definition
-Decrease inhibition
-cardiotox
-tolerance in 1-2 wks |
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Term
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Definition
-painful procedures (add analgesia)
-aggressive animals (add analgesia)
-uncontrolled hypotension
-hepatic failure
CAUTION in animals with:
-cardiac problems and shock
-resp depression |
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Term
Phenothiazines
Classification |
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Definition
| sedative/hypnotic/anxiolytic |
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Term
Phenothiazines
Relevant Drugs |
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Definition
-Acepromazine (dogs, cats, horses, pigs, ruminants)
-Promazine (dogs, cats, horses, cattle)
-Chlorpromazine (dos, cats, pigs, cattle) |
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Term
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Definition
-inhibits central D2 receptors
-antagonist of serotonin receptors
-peripherally blocks alpha-1-adrenergic receptors |
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Term
Phenothiazines
Pharm effects |
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Definition
-Fast onset of action and a variable duration
-good muscle relaxant
-decrease motility
-little effect on resp
-sedation
-extrapyramidal signs (muscle rigidity, tremors, akinesia)
-hypotension/shock conditions
-reflex tachycardia
-sinus bradycardia |
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Term
Phenothiazines
Adverse Effects |
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Definition
-Antiemetic
-Decrease Hct
-hyper/hypothermia
-Decrease platelet aggregation |
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Term
Phenothiazines
Analgesia/ Reversal |
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Definition
Does NOT produce analgesia
NO reversal |
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Term
Phenothiazines
Contraindication |
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Definition
-painful procedures
-hypotension
-stallion
-LIVER DYSFXN
-uncontrolled hyperglycemia |
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Term
Butyrophenones
Classification |
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Definition
| Antipsychotic/ neuroleptic/ sedative |
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Term
Butyrophenones
Relevant Drugs |
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Definition
-Azaperone (horses, deer, swine)
-Droperidol (dogs, cats, swine)
-dogs w/ fentanyl |
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Term
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Definition
-antagonist of dopamine receptors
-antagonist of serotonin receptors
-antagonist of alpha-1-adrenergic receptors
-antihistaminic effect |
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Term
Butyrophenones
Pharm effects |
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Definition
-good muscle relaxation
-min effects on resp
-sedation/ neuroleptic
-extrapyramidal signs
-CV depression
-hypotension
-reflex tachycardia |
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Term
Butyrophenones
Other adverse effects |
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Definition
-dysphoric effect in patients with high level of anxiety
-antithrombic activity |
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Term
Butyrophenones
Analgesia
Reversal |
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Definition
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Term
Butyrophenones
Contraindications |
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Definition
-painful procedures
-hypotension
-cardiac arrhythmia
-coma |
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Term
Butyrophenones
Species Particularities |
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Definition
-pigs/horses
-reduction of MAP for at least 4 hrs following IM admin
-Dobies
-aggressive behavior |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Xylazine (dogs, cats, horses, bovine, small ruminants, deer)
Detomidine (horseS)
Medetomidine (dogs, cats, reptiles)
Dexmedetomidine (dogs, cats)
Romifidine (dogs, cats, horses) |
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Term
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Definition
Atipamezole
Yohimbine
Tolazoline |
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Term
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Definition
-good muscle relaxation
-resp depression
-diuresis
-decrease GI motility
-hyperglycemia
-sedation/analgesia
-EXCITATION AT HIGH DOSES
-biphasic CV effects |
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Term
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Definition
-Centrally mediated emesis
-increase in myometrial tone
-do not use in last trimester of preg |
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Term
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Definition
Require 10% of the dose used for horses
Brahman ^ in sensitivity |
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Term
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Definition
Significant hypoxemia
-activation of PIMS --> pulmonary edema |
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Term
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Definition
-pre-existing cardiac cond
-dehydration/hypovolemia
-urinary obstruction
-epilepsy
-hepatic impairment
-DM
-hypothermia
-preg animals |
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