Term
| Disturbance in cerebral function due to abnormal paroxysmal neuronal discharge in the brain |
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Definition
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Term
| characterized by recurrent seizures |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
usually 5-20 years y/o onset
idiopathic epilepsy
usually life long treatment |
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Term
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Definition
underlyin precipitating factor
tumor, trauma, drug therapy, alcohol, ect
can often be treated w/ no further need for antiepileptic tx |
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Term
| What kind of seizure only affects part of the brain |
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Definition
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Term
| what kind of seizure has consciousness that is usually preserved |
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Definition
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Term
| what kind of seizure has consciousness that is usually impaired |
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Definition
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Term
| Can primary seizures become secondary? |
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Definition
| yes they can become secondarily generalized at times |
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Term
| Types of generalized seizures |
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Definition
absence (petit mal)
myclonic
tonic- clonic (grand mal)
status epilepticus
febrile |
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Term
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Definition
several varieties
involves both hemispheres
LOC |
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Term
| Usually in childhood and often "grow out of them" |
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Definition
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Term
| brief unconsciousness (sec) with frequent staring/eye blinking movements |
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Definition
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Term
| Another name for absence seizures |
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Definition
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Term
| brief single or multiple muscle contractions |
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Definition
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Term
sudden unconsciousness with rigidity (? phase)
followed by jerking of muscles (? phase) for varying periods |
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Definition
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Term
| another name for tonic-clonic seizure |
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Definition
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Term
| which type of seizure has a postictal period? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| benign, but scary tonic/clonic convulsions in children |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| potentiate GABA receptor stimulation |
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Term
These are mild on side effects but have abuse potential
need long acting med for chronic control |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
diazepam
lorazepam
clonazepam
clorzepate |
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Term
| DOC for status epilepticus |
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Definition
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Term
| Lorazepam is used for which type of seizures? |
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Definition
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Term
| Clonazepam is used for which type of seizures? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Used for all partial and tonic-clonic seizures
also used for trigeminal neuralgia |
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Definition
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Term
Stupor, drowsiness, vertigo, ataxia, N/V, and blurred vision
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Definition
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Term
| AE : hyponatremia, steven-johnson syndrome, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis |
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Definition
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Term
| Toxicity of this drug can cause coma |
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Definition
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Term
| check liver function tests and CBC baseline periodically |
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Definition
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Term
| combination of valproate and valproic acid |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do you combine valproate and valproic acid? |
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Definition
| it improves GI tolerance of valproic acid |
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Term
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Definition
GABA potentiation
Na channel blockade
blocks T-type calcium channels |
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Term
| mmost effective agent for myoclonic seizures |
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Definition
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Term
| Also used in absence and tonic-clonic seizures |
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Definition
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Term
N/V, sedation, ataxia, tremor
can cause hepatic toxicity (rare) & thrombocytopenia |
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Definition
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Term
| metabolites glucuronidated and excreted by kidney |
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Definition
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Term
| MAJOR RISK OF TERATOGENICITY |
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Definition
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Term
| used as secondary agent in absence seizures |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| blocks T-type calcium channels |
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Term
| AE: N/V, drowsiness, lethargy, dizziness, impaired concentration |
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Definition
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Term
| rarely can cause steven-johnson syndrome, aplastic anemia |
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Definition
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Term
| refractive epilepsy- lennox-gastraut syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
NMDA, gluatamate receptor bocker
Na channel blockers
Ca channel blocker
potentiate GABA receptor stimulation |
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Term
| Induces CYP 3A4 (similar to carbmazepine) |
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Definition
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Term
| Aplastic anemia (1:4000), hepatic failure |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
partial and generalized seizures
neuropathic pain |
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Term
| which drug is good in the elderly |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
GABA analogue but does not stimulate GABA receptors
sedation occurs |
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Term
| excreted unchanged by kidney |
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Definition
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Term
| becoming DOC in a number of seizures - both partial and generalized |
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Definition
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Term
| also good choice for elderly |
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Definition
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Term
| AE : potentially life threatening rash- Steven-Johnson syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
| PK interaction with valporate t 1/2 increase |
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Definition
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Term
widely used as first choice in partial, simple, absence, and generalized (myoclonic-tonic-clonic) seizures
neuropathic pain |
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Definition
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Term
| well tolerated in both children and adults |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| AE : dizziness, sleep disturbances, HA, weakness |
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Definition
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Term
| few PK/drug interaction problems |
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Definition
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Term
| barbiturate produces GABA potentiation |
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Definition
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Term
| second-string for status epilepticus |
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Definition
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Term
| Simple partial (50% effective) NOT for complex partial |
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Definition
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Term
Tonic-clonic refractory to other treatments
D/C slowly |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| decrease repitive firing by blocking Na and Ca channels |
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Term
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Definition
partial
tonic-clonic
status epilepticus
trigeminal neuralgia
NOT for absence seizures - may worsen |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
IV - Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx) pro-drug
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Definition
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Term
| Which drug changes from 1st order to 0 order around 10-20 micrograms/ml |
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Definition
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Term
AE: depression, nystagmus, ataxia
Caution in elderly- N/V
Stevens- Johnson syndrome - drowsiness, confusion, hallucinations |
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Definition
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Term
Not recommended for chronic use - gingival hyperplasia, folate deficiency (megaloblastic anemia)
increase P450 metabolism of contraceptives, warfarin |
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Definition
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Term
| can phenytoin be given to pregnant women? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Ca channel blockade
prevents NT release |
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Term
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Definition
partial seizures
neuropathic pain
diabetic neuropathy pain
postherpetic pain
neuralgia
fibromyalgia |
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Term
| AE: drowsiness, blurred vision, weight gain, peripheral edema |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| AE: tiredness, dizziness, GI upset, hepatic metabolism, watch hepatic dysfunction |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
braod sprectrum - partial and generalized seizures
migraine |
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Term
AE: somnolence, weight loss, parestheias, renal stones
avoid in pregnancy |
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Definition
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Term
Avoid in pregnancy
PK interaction - increase ose of ethinyl estadiol |
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Definition
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Term
| broad spectrum but FDA approved for partial seizures |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Na blocker
Ca (T-type) blocker
GABA potentiation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Oligohidrosis - decreased sweating, increased body temp |
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Definition
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Term
| FDA is concerned that ALL of the antiepileptic drugs may increase... |
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Definition
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Term
| All women with epilepsy should be on ___ prior to conception |
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Definition
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Term
| Which 2 drugs should be avoided in women with epilepsy and being pregnant? |
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Definition
| divalproex and barbiturates |
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Term
| FDA lists phenytoin in Pregnancy category D meaning... |
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Definition
| clear evidence of risk to the human fetus but the benefits may outweigh the risk for pregnant women |
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