What is the quickest absorption method to deliver an oral medication?

Sublingual

What is the order of pharmacokinetics when a medication enters the body? (there are five)

 Dissolution

Absorption

Distribution

Metabolism

Elimination

What is the concpet of first pass also known as

hepatic first pass?

The process in which the drug passes to the liver first

Which type of drugs absorb rapidly through the GI membrane?

lipid soluble and nonionized

What is ment by peak?

the highest plasma concentration of drug at a specific time

What is ment by trough?

is the lowest plasma concentration of a drug

measures the rate at which the drug is eliminated

Side effect

physiologic effects not relateed to desired drug effects

Adverse reaction

undesirable effects

During the assessment stage.  What is most important for the nurse to know about the client?

expectations and perception of drug effectiveness

What are the traditional five rights?

Client

Drug

Dose

Time

Route

What are the professional nursing practice five rights?

Assessment

Documentation

Client's right to Education

Evaluation

Client's right to refuse

What should a nurse do when a client refuses to take a medication?

take resonable measures to facilitate the client's taking the medication

Which drug category is counder indicated for a pregant woman?

X

What is the highest drug catigory you can give to a pregnat woman?

B

What is a drugs half life?

amount of time to when the drug is 1/2 the dose in the body.

When two highly protein-bound drugs are given concurrently, they compete for protein-biniding sites, what happens do to this?

there is more free drug released into the circulation

Why are the kidneys and liver important in the pharmokinetics of medications?

They are the vital organs that medications pass through or are eliminated by.

Drug action of Stimulants?

increase peristalsis by irritating sensory nerve endings in the intestinal mucosa.

Antagonist

drugs that block a response

Agonists

drugs that produce a response

Pharmacogenetics

scientific discipline studying how the effect of a drug action varies from a predicted drug response because of genetic factors

generic medication

official or nonproprietary name for a drug

Brand (trade) name of medication

known as the propreitary name

chosen by the drug company

Ex: Excedrin, Tylonal

Misfeasance

negligence; giving the wrong drug or drug dose that results in the client's death

Nonfeasance

Omission; omitting a drug dose that results in the client's death

Malfeasance

Giving the correct drug by by the wrong route that results in the client's death.

Who is the atthority on drug resorces?

United States pharmacopeia

Drug Interaction

altered or modified action or effect of a drug as a result of interation with one or more other drugs

additive effect

the sum of the effects of two drugs

Synergistic effect

when two drugs are given together the chemical effect is greater

What are adrenergic effects?

Drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system

In what condtion would cough and cold remedies be counterindicated?

thyroid disease

What are cholinergic effects?

drugs that stimulate the parasympathitic nervous system

Bactericidal

drugs that kill bacteria

what are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

D

E

K

What are the water-soluble vitamins?

B and C

Appropriate response for Parkinson's meds?

 reduce the rigidity and some of the tremors

Name the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation

redness

swelling

heat

pain

Loss of function

appropriate response of Alzheimer's medications

treat memory loss

Action of NSAIDS?

inhibit the enzyme COX

Side Effects of NSAIDS

Gastric irritation

sodium and water retention

Action of Narcotics?

act mostly on the CNS

primarily by activating the u receptors, while also exerting a weak activation of the kappa receptors

Side effects of narcotics

respratory depression

orthostatic hypotenstion

2 Side effects of tetracyclines

photosensitivity

nephrotocicity

How do inhalant meds work with asthma vs oral meds?

inhalant meds go directly to the lungs vs oral meds have to go though the system

Action of diuretics

 decrease hypertension and edema

side effects of diuretics

electrolyte imbalances

hyperglycemia

what client would be the best reason that thiazides would be contraindicated?

in people with renal failure

What causes hyprtension?

family hx       african- american

diabetes        obesity

stress            ageing

excessive smoking and alcohol ingestion

Nonpharm methods to decrease hypertension

stress-reduction techniques            exercise

salt restrction                         decreased alcohol ingestion

weight reduction

side effects of antihypertenisves

decreased pulse rate

decreased b/p

bronchospasm

How do anticoagulants work?

inhibit clot formation

Antidote for Coumadin(warfarin)

vitamin K

Predisposing factors for peptic ulcer disease

Mechanical disturbances

genetic influences

enviromental influances

helicobacter pylori (bacterium)

Drugs (NSAIDs)

Drug action of depressants

sedation

decreased respiratory and cardiac rates

depressed CNS function