Term
|
Definition
| Located in ganglia of both the PSNS and SNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulated by alkaloid nicotine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
located postsynaptically:
smooth muscle: increase GI
cardiac muscle: decrease HR
Glands of PSNS fibers: increase secreation |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| stimulated by alkaloid muscarine (mushroom |
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Term
| Cholinergic Direct-acting agonist |
|
Definition
| bind to cholinergic receptors causing stimulation (muscarinic or nicotinic receptors) |
|
|
Term
| Cholinergic Indirect-acting agent |
|
Definition
| Inhibit the enzyme ecetylcholinesterase so the enzyme can't hydrolyzes ACH to choline and acetic acid resulting more Ach is available at the synaptic clefts |
|
|
Term
| Cholinergic Indirect-acting agent |
|
Definition
| Inhibit the enzyme pseudocholinesterase plays little role in action of indirect acting agents |
|
|
Term
| Cholinergic Indirect-acting agent |
|
Definition
Reversible bind to cholinesterase
Or Irreversible bind to cholinesterase and form a permanent covalent bond |
|
|
Term
| Cholinergic Direct-acting agonist |
|
Definition
| Acetylcholine (muscarinic) or esters of choline |
|
|
Term
Acetycholine
Methacholine
Carbachol(ine)
Bethanechol(ine) |
|
Definition
| are 4 important esters of Direct acting cholinoreceptor agonists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Direct acting Cholinergic agonist
Used for:
glaucoma
Atropine poisoning
Diagnostic in Pheochromocytoma
Raynauds
Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SE:
cause MYOSIC MYOSIC MYOSHIT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can be cholilne: eyedrops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Direct acting
SE: cause MYOSIC MYOSIC again
USED to treat:
glaucoma
intracular surgery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Direct acting
Indication:
post op
Urinary retention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Direct acting
Natural occuring agent
Semisynthetic
Treat:
Glaucoma
used as eye drop
MOA:
miosis of the pupil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Direct acting Oral form called Salagel with parotid gland damage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cholinesesterase inhibitors
Used for Myasthenia Gravis
Arrythmias |
|
|
Term
| Echothiphate (organophosphate) |
|
Definition
Cholinesesterase inhibitors
Glaucoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cholinesesterase inhibitors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cholinesesterase inhibitors
treat Myastinia gravis, illeus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cholinesesterase inhibitors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cholinesesterase inhibitors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cholinesesterase inhibitors
treat glaucoma |
|
|
Term
Acetycholine
Methacholine
Carbachol(ine)
Bethanechol(ine) |
|
Definition
| are poorly absorbed and distributed in CNS bc they are hydrophilic |
|
|
Term
Acetycholine
Methacholine
Carbachol(ine)
Bethanechol(ine) |
|
Definition
ACH rapid hydrolysis must give dose IV
Remaining are more resistant to hydrolysis Metha>carbachol>bethanechol |
|
|
Term
| Cholinergic Agents agonist |
|
Definition
SE:
SLUDGE
Salivation
Lacrimaiton
Urinary incontinence
Diarrhea
Gastrointestinal cramps
Emesis |
|
|
Term
| Organophosphate insecticides malthione, parathione (fertilizer) |
|
Definition
MOA:
binds to ACHesterase enzyme "irreversibly" and cause toxicity |
|
|
Term
| Organophosphate insecticides malthione, parathione (fertilizer) |
|
Definition
Net effect:
Mucarinic and nicotinic toxicity
blurred vision
bradycardia
Nv
Diarrhea
Sludge
Axonal degeneration and demyelination of nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to treat Organophosphate toxicity by reverse binding of drug to ACHesterase enzyme and allow enzyme to hydrolyze ACH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is given first to prevent Tachycardia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organophosphate treatment of symptoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| at recommended doses, primarily affect the Muscarinic receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| at high doses, cholinergics stimulate the NICOTINIC receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Desired effects from muscarinic receptor stimulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Undesirable effects are due to stimulation of the nicotinic receptors |
|
|
Term
ACH
CARBACHOL
PILOCARPINE
BARTHENECOLINE
METHANCOLINE |
|
Definition
Direct acting agonist to:
reduce intraocular pressure
useful for glaucoma and intraocular surgery
Topical application due to poor oral absorption |
|
|
Term
ACH
CARBACHOL
PILOCARPINE
BARTHENECOLINE
METHANCOLINE |
|
Definition
Direct acting agonist:
increases tone and motility of bladder and GI tract
relaxes sphincters in bladder and GI tract allowing them to empty
Helpful for postsurgical atony of the bladder and GI tract |
|
|
Term
ACH
CARBACHOL
PILOCARPINE
BARTHENECOLINE
METHANCOLINE |
|
Definition
| oral dose or SC injection |
|
|
Term
Physostigmine
Pyridostigmine |
|
Definition
Indirect-Acting ACH agonist
Cause skeletal muscle contractions
Used for Diagnosis and treatment of Myasthenia Gravis
Used to reverse Neuromuscular blocking agents
Used to reverse Anticholinergic Poisoning (antidote) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Indirect Acting ACH agonist to treat
from mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease
and helps to increase or maintain memory and learning capabilities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SE are a result of overstimulaiton of PSNS
bradycardia
hypotension
conduction abnomalities (AV block and cardiac arrest)
Headache
Dizziness
Convulsions
Abdominal cramps
Increased secretions
Nausea
Vomiting
Increased bronchial secreations
Bronchospasms
Lacrimation
Sweating
Salivation
Loss of Binocular accomodation
Miosis |
|
|
Term
Anticholinergics
Antihistamines
Sympathomimetics |
|
Definition
| antagonize cholinergic agents resulting in decreased responses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is used to manage Alzheimer's symptoms not to cure
It may take up to 6 weeks to reach therapeutic effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the antidote for cholinergics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| atropine belladonna-beautiful naked girl |
|
|
Term
| Cholinergic (muscarinic) Blocking agents |
|
Definition
competitive antagonists compete with ACH
and block ACH at muscarinic receptors in PSNS reversible
As a result, Ach is unable to bind to the receptor site to cause a cholinergic effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NOT ABSORBED IN THE GI
has halflife is 1/2 hr |
|
|
Term
| Cholinergic (muscarinic) Blocking agents |
|
Definition
Most are well absorbed from the GI
Widely distributed throughout the body in CNS in 30min-1hr |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ACH ANTAGONIST
PATCH FOR MOTION SICKNESS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SYNTHETIC: ANISOTROPINE
SEMISYNTHETIC: CLIDINIUM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SYTHETIC: DICYCLOMINE
SEMISYN: GLYCOPYRROLATE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SYNTHETIC: HEXOCYCLIUM
SEMISYN: HOMATROPINE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SYNTHETIC: IPRATROPIUM, OXYBUTYNIN, TOLTERODINE
SEMI: ISOPRPAMIDE, PROPANTHELINE, TRIDIHEXETHYL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| SAVE A PATIENT LIFE IN AN OR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| give to end stage CHF patient |
|
|
Term
| Cholinergic (muscarinic) Blocking agents |
|
Definition
small doses: decrease heart rate, decrease muscle rigidity and tremors for Parkinson's disease and drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions
Large doses: block inhibitory vagal effects on SA and AV node resulting increase heart rate, drowsiness, disorientation, halluciantions |
|
|
Term
| Cholinergic (muscarinic) Blocking agents |
|
Definition
Dilated pupils (mydriasis)
Decreased accommodation due to paralysis
of ciliary muscle (cycloplegia) |
|
|
Term
| Cholinergic (muscarinic) Blocking agents |
|
Definition
Relax smooth muscle tone of GI tract
Decrease Intestinal and gastric secretion
Decrease motility and peristalsis |
|
|
Term
| Cholinergic (muscarinic) Blocking agents |
|
Definition
Relaxed detrusor muscle
Increased constriction of internal sphincter resulting urinary retention |
|
|
Term
| Cholinergic (muscarinic) Blocking agents |
|
Definition
Decreased Bronchial secretions,
Decreased salivation
Decreased sweating
Decreased Bronchial secretions
Dilated bronchial airways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
USED PRIMARILY FOR CARDIOVAS DISORDERS
SINUS NODE DYSFUNCTION
SYMPTOMATIC SECOND-DEGREE HEART BLOCK
SINUS BRADYCARDIA WITH HEMODYNAMIC COMPROMISE |
|
|
Term
| Cholinergic (muscarinic) Blocking agents |
|
Definition
Dcreased secretions from nose, mouth, pharynx, bronchi
Relax smooth musccles in bronchi and bronchioles
Decreased airway resistance
Bronchodilation |
|
|
Term
| Cholinergic (muscarinic) Blocking agents-respiratory agents |
|
Definition
used to treat:
exercise induced bronchospasms
chronic bronchitis
asthma
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
|
|
Term
| Cholinergic (muscarinic) Blocking agents |
|
Definition
resulting GI in:
decreased secretions
relaxation of smooth muscle
decreased GI motility and peristalsis
Used to treat:
Peptic ulcer disease
Irritable bowel disease
GI hypersecretory states |
|
|
Term
| Cholinergic (muscarinic) Blocking agents |
|
Definition
Relaxed detrusor muscle of the bladder
Increased constriction of the internal sphinter
Reflex neurogenic bladder
Incontinence
Decrease Urination |
|
|
Term
| Cholinergic (muscarinic) Blocking agents |
|
Definition
SE:
increased hr
dysrhythmias
CNS excitation
restlessness
irritability
disorientation
hallucination
delirium |
|
|
Term
| Cholinergic (muscarinic) Blocking agents |
|
Definition
SE:
dilated pupils,
decreased visual accomodation
increased intraocular pressure
decreased salivation
decreased gastric secretions
decreased motility |
|
|
Term
| Cholinergic (muscarinic) Blocking agents |
|
Definition
SE:
urinary retention
decreased sweating
decreased bronchial |
|
|
Term
| Cholinergic (muscarinic) Blocking agents |
|
Definition
Antihistimines,
Phenothiazines
Tricyclic Antidepressant
MAOIs |
|
|
Term
| Cholinergic (muscarinic) Blocking agents |
|
Definition
SE:
allergies
presence of BPH
glaucoma
tachycardia
MI
CHF
hiatal hernia
GI and GU obstruction |
|
|
