Term
| Phenytoin (Dilantin Sodium Kapseals) Indications, MOA |
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Definition
| Hydantoins; tx tonic-clonic, partial seizures, status epilepticus, seizures in neurosurgery; stabilizing effect on excitable membranes |
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Term
| Phenytoin SE/Toxicity/CTN |
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Definition
| Avoid IM; gingival hyperplasia, glycosuria, hyperglycemia, osteomalacia; hirsutism, neural damage (nystagmus, ataxia, diplopia), megaloblastic anemia, cause fetal hydantoin syndrome |
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Term
| Phenobarbital (mephobarbital - Mebaral) |
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Definition
| Barbiturates; DOC for seizures in infants; SE on cog fxn/school performance; sedation, megalobalstic anemia; enzyme inducer |
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Term
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Definition
| Barbiturate; tx trigeminal neuralgia; DOC for all partial & tonic-clonic seizures; blocks Na channels at epileptic foci to stop AP; SE: bone marrow suppression, nystagmus, ataxia, diplopia, aplastic anemia, SJS; warn pt about driving (drowsy, blurred vision) |
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Term
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Definition
| Succinimides; most commonly used group; tx absence seizures; affects Ca channels, reduce spread of electrical activity; GI, CNS depression, aplastic anemia |
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Term
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Definition
| DOC for myoclonic seizures; tx multiple seizure types, in combo with anticancer drugs; prevent spread of abnormal electrical d/c in brain; WARN: no carbonated drinks; SE: GI upset (take c food), CNS depression (HS); BB pancreatitis |
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Term
Clonazepam (Klonopin)
Clorazepate dipotassium (Tranxene) |
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Definition
| Benzodiazepine; myoclonic & absence (less eff) seizures in kids; mgt of status epilepticus; enhances GABA induction; SE: drowsiness, lethargy; brief action - follow c another drug |
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Term
| Clonezepam unlabeled uses |
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Definition
| restless leg syndrome, parkinsonian dysarthria, acute manic episodes, multifocal tic d/o, adjunct to tx of schizophrenia |
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Term
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Definition
| benzo; tx status epilepticus, enhance GABA induction; prolonged duration (14 hrs) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| other; adjunct for partial seizures, postherpetic neuralgia, pain mgt; WARN: pancreatic acinar adenocarcinoma; somnolence, ataxia, fatigue (CNS depression); INT: antacids |
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Term
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Definition
| postherpetic neuralgia, nerve pain due to tumors, tremors c MS, bipolar d/o, migraine prophylaxis |
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Term
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Definition
| other; adjuct for partial, gran mal, absence, myoclonic seizures, bipolar d/o, affects Na channels; placental & breast milk transfer (PG cat C); BB warm: severe skin rashes (SJS); photosensitivity |
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Term
| Levodopa (Dopar, Larodopa) |
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Definition
| dopamine enhancer/agonist; Parkinsonism (symptomatic, idiopathic, postencephalitic); metabolic precursor to dopamine -> replenish stores; food and high protein diet alter absorption; SE: anorexia, involuntary mvt, sinus tach, galactorrhea; CNT: psychotic pts |
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Term
| Sinemet (levodopa/carbidopa) |
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Definition
| dopamine enhancer/agonist; Parkinsonism; inc peripheral availability of levodopa/dec peripheral dopamine -> dec in SE |
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Term
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Definition
| dopamine enhancer/agonist; inhibitor of peripheral dopa decarboxylase; dec breakdown of levodopa into dopamine in GI tract |
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Term
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Definition
| selective dopamine agonist; preferred in younger people; tx PD, restless leg syndrome; dec dose c dec hepatic fxn; SE: dyspepsia, constipation, hallucinations, "sleep attacks", impulse control d/o |
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Term
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Definition
| anticholinergic; tx extrapyramidal sx of Parkinson's; block Ach receptors; SE: mydriasis, cycloplegia, dry mouth, tachy, confusion, agitation, memory loss; CTN: glaucoma, BPH, pyloric stenosis |
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Term
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Definition
| spasticity; tx pts c spinal cord lesions; enhance eff of GABA transmission; SE: sedation, drowsiness, muscle incoordination |
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Term
| Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) |
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Definition
| acute muscle spasms; dec tonic somatic motor activity; SE: drowsiness, GI upset |
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