Term
| What is the most commonly used prototype of thyroid hormone? |
|
Definition
| levothyroxine (synthroid, levoxyl) |
|
|
Term
| Levothyroxine is basically synthetic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thyroid hormones should be taken when? |
|
Definition
| Every day, at the same time |
|
|
Term
| If a patient misses a dose of synthroid, what should they do? |
|
Definition
| Take it as soon as they remember they missed it |
|
|
Term
| What is thyroid replacement used for? |
|
Definition
| Hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism (prevention of goiters) |
|
|
Term
| Thyroid replacement drugs work the same as thyroid hormone: true or false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A synthroid dose that is too low will present with |
|
Definition
| bradycardia, lethargy, fatigue, constipation, excessive sleeping |
|
|
Term
| A synthroid dose that is too high will present with |
|
Definition
| tachycardia, hyperthermia, irritability, diarrhea, tremors, insomnia |
|
|
Term
| Contraindications for thyroid replacement drugs |
|
Definition
| known drug allergy, recent MI, adrenal insufficiency, hyperthyroidism |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of an acute adrenal crisis |
|
Definition
| abdominal pain, confusion, coma, dehydration, hypotension |
|
|
Term
| How is an adrenal crisis treated? |
|
Definition
| Hydocortisone injection (IV or IM) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anxiety, tremors, insomnia, HA, dysrythmias, angina, hypertension, N/D, weight loss, menstrual irregularities, heat intolerance |
|
|
Term
| Synthroid drug interactions |
|
Definition
| oral anticoagulants, digitalis glycosides, cholestyramine |
|
|
Term
| Pts with diabetes may need to do what when on synthroid? |
|
Definition
| increase doses of hypoglycemic agents |
|
|
Term
| Antithyroid medications consist of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| methimazole, propylthiouracil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Another antithyroid drug is |
|
Definition
| radioactive iodine (iodine 131) |
|
|
Term
| Antithyroids are given to treat |
|
Definition
| hyperthyroidism, graves disease |
|
|
Term
| When should patients take their thyroid medications? |
|
Definition
| once daily, in the morning |
|
|
Term
| Therapeutic effects of thyroids medications may take |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antithyroid drugs should be taken with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patients on thyroid medications should avoid eating what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thyroid medications should never be stopped abruptly: true or false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is unfrationated Heparin given? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enoxaparin (Lovenox) low molecular weight heparin is given |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heparin is contraindicated when |
|
Definition
| thrombocytopenia, uncontrollable bleeding, during/immediately after surgery |
|
|
Term
| Heparin adverse reactions |
|
Definition
| hemorrhage, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, hypersensitivity reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are low molecular weight heparins dosed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some differences between low molecular weight heparin and unfractionated heparin? |
|
Definition
| unfractionated costs more, low mol weight does not have to be monitored, can be taken at home |
|
|
Term
| antidote for low molecular weight heparin OD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Warfarin (coumadin) is taken |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false: coumadin is useful during emergencies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drugs increase a pt on coumadins chance for bleeding? |
|
Definition
| heparin, aspirin, acetaminophen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| direct thrombin inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| Dabigatran is primarily used to treat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dabigatran drug interactions |
|
Definition
| rifampin, keoconazole, veraprimil, amiodaron, quinidine, clarithromycin |
|
|
Term
| acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)falls under the catergory of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammatory, pain, pyretic, platelet aggregation |
|
|
Term
| Signs of Aspirin toxicity |
|
Definition
| bleeding tendencies, tinnitus, stomach pain, thrombocytopenia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Antagonists |
|
Definition
tirofiban (Aggrastat)
eptifibatide (Integrilin)
abciximab (ReoPro) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alteplase (tPA, Activase)
tenectaplaxe (TNKase)
streptokinase (Streptase)
urokinase (Abbokinase) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false: Heparin doses are not usually double checked by another RN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false: APTT is done daily to monitor Heparin effect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false: Warfarin cannot be used if the pt is already on Heparin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false: The antidote for Warfarin OD is Vitamin K |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false: When on Warfarin, PT and INR must be monitored frequently |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false: Herbal products have no effect on Warfarin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does nicotine affect these drugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Epoetin Alfa (Epogen, Procrit) |
|
|
Term
| Procrit is used to treat anemia associated with |
|
Definition
| Renal failure, chemotherapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Granulocyte stimulating factors |
|
Definition
filgrastim (Neupogen)
pegfilgrastim (Neulasta) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Granulocyte-Macrophage Stimulating Factor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pt's with bone marrow transplant, failed bone marrow transplant |
|
|
Term
| Thrombopoietic Growth factor |
|
Definition
| oprelvekin (Interleukin-11) |
|
|
Term
| Intraleukin II is used to treat |
|
Definition
| myelosuppressive chemo, prevent platelet transfusions |
|
|
Term
| CAUTION: Epoetin alfa, filgrastim, sargramostim, and oprelvekin |
|
Definition
| USE WITH GREAT CAUTION, if at all, for patients with cancers of bone marrow origin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brief episode of abnormal electrical activity in the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic, recurrent pattern of seizures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involuntary spasmodic contractions of all or any voluntary muscles in the body (skeletal, facial muscles) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid, primidone, ethosuximide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oxcarbazepine, gabapentin, zonisamide, lamotringinr, levetiracetam, pregablin, tigabine, topiramate |
|
|
Term
| True or False: AED's have a very narrow therapeutic index |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: when on AED's toxicity can be reached quickly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Therapeutic drugs levels must be monitored with which AED's |
|
Definition
| Phenobarbitol, phyenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid |
|
|
Term
| Anticonvulsant barbituates |
|
Definition
| Phenobarbitol (IV/PO), primidone (PO) |
|
|
Term
| Phenobarbitol side effects |
|
Definition
| drowsiness, dizziness, lethargy, restlessness, N/V, excitment, rash, urticaria, Stevens-Johnson syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
divalproex sodium (Depakote)
valproate sodium (Depacon)
vaproic acid (Depakene) |
|
|
Term
| How are valproates given? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Side effects of valproates |
|
Definition
| pancreatitis, irregular menses, secondary amenorrhea, weight gain, galactorrhea, breast enlargement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Phenytoin (Dilatin)
Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dysrhythmias,hypotension, exfoliative dermatitis, lupus, stevens-johnson syndrome, bone marrow suppression, neuropathies, gingival hyperplasia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gabapentin (Nerontin)
Pregabalin (Lyrica) |
|
|
Term
| How are Nerontin and Lyrica given? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In addition to seizures, newers AED's also treat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Side effects of gabapentin |
|
Definition
| dizziness, somnolence, visual changes, fatigue, N/V |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Iminostilbenes side effects: CNS |
|
Definition
| visual disturbances, nystagmus, blurred vision, ataxia, vertigo, HA |
|
|
Term
| Iminostilbenes side effects: Heme |
|
Definition
| leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia |
|
|
Term
| Iminostilbenes side effects: Derm |
|
Definition
| rash, Steven-johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis |
|
|
Term
| Iminostilbenes side effects: liver |
|
Definition
| autoinducer of hepatic enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ethosuximide (Zarontin) is given |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Succinimides are only used to treat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drowsiness, dizziness, lethargy, N/V...USUALLY WELL TOLERATED |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
levetiracetam (Keppra)
topiramate (topamax) |
|
|
Term
| What lab values are important when on AED's? |
|
Definition
| liver function tests, CBC |
|
|
Term
| True or False: oral AED's can be crushed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: ONLY NORMAL SALINE can be used with IV phenytoin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hydantoins decrease the effectiveness of |
|
Definition
| warfarin, oral contraceptives, glucocorticoids |
|
|
Term
| Carbamazepine drug interactions |
|
Definition
| grapefruit juice, hepatic enzyme inducer |
|
|
Term
| Valproates drug interactions |
|
Definition
| phenobarbitol, phenytoin, topiramate |
|
|
Term
| Phenobarbitol drug interactions |
|
Definition
| hepatic enzyme inducer, CNS depressant, valproates |
|
|
Term
| Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) drug interactions |
|
Definition
| oral contraceptives, gabapentin (neurontin), pregabalin (lyrica) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is type 1 diabetes treated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is type 2 diabetes treated? |
|
Definition
| lifestyle changes, oral drug therapy, insulin if neither above work |
|
|
Term
| Name the rapid acting insulin prototypes |
|
Definition
Insulin lispro (Humalog)
Insulin aspart (NovoLog)
Insuline glulisine (Apidra)
ALL GIVEN SQ |
|
|
Term
| Short-acting insulin prototype |
|
Definition
Regular Insulin (Humalin R, Novolin R)
IV OR SQ |
|
|
Term
| Intermediate insulin prototypes |
|
Definition
Neutral Protamines Hagedorn aka NPH ( Humalin N, Novolin N)
GIVEN SQ |
|
|
Term
| Long-acting insulin prototypes |
|
Definition
Insulin detemir (Levemir)
Insulin glargine (Lantus)
ALL GIVEN SQ |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Insulin can be frozen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Insulin should be kept away from direct sunlight or heat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Pre-filled insulin syringes should be stored in the refrigerator needle up |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mixtures of insulin are stable for how many months at room temp? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mixtures of insulin are stable for how many months when stored in the refrigerator? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How to draw of up mixtures of insulin |
|
Definition
| Draw of up clear, fast acting first, then cloudy, slow acting |
|
|
Term
| What are the most effective drugs for the prevention of arterial thrombosis? |
|
Definition
| Anti-platelet drugs such as Aspirin |
|
|
Term
| What drugs are most effective for the prevention of venous thrombosis? |
|
Definition
| Anticoagulations like heparin, warfarin |
|
|
Term
| caloric intake and insulin dose vary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oral anti-diabetic agents: Sulfonylureas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sulfonylureas are indicated to treat what |
|
Definition
| Type 2 diabetes non-insulin dependent |
|
|
Term
| Sulfonylureas side effects |
|
Definition
| altered taste, dizziness, drowsiness, constipation, weight gain |
|
|
Term
| Oral antidiabetic agents: biguanides |
|
Definition
metformin (Gluucophage)
GIVEN PO |
|
|
Term
| Biguanides are indicated to treat |
|
Definition
| Type 2 diabetes, non-insulin dependent |
|
|
Term
| Oral antidiabetic agent: meglitinides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Meglitinides are indicated to treat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oral antidiabetic agent: alpha-glucosidase inhibitors |
|
Definition
acarbose (precose)
miglitol (glyset) |
|
|
Term
| Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are indicated for treatment of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oral antidiabetic agent: thiazolidinediones |
|
Definition
| -glitazones (ex: pioglitazone) |
|
|
Term
| Sulfonylureas side effects |
|
Definition
| hypoglycemia, hematologic effects, nausea, stomach fullness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abdominal bloating, N/D, cramping, metallic taste, reducing B12 levels |
|
|
Term
| Alpha glucosidase inhibitors side effects |
|
Definition
| flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal pain |
|
|
Term
| thiazolidinediones side effects |
|
Definition
| weight gain, edema, mild anemia, hepatic toxicity |
|
|
Term
| Oral diabetic agent: incretin memetics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HA, URI, inflammation of throat/nose |
|
|
Term
| Colesevelam (Welchol)is used to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Preferred treatment for insulin overdose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Second choice for insulin overdose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oral diabetic agents are usually given when |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false: Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are given with the first bite of each main meal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false: Metformin (Glucophage) is taken with meals to reduce GI effects |
|
Definition
|
|
