Term
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Definition
cholinergic antagonists/ cholinergic blockers
unopposed sympathetic stimulation
block muscarinic receptors
do not block nicotinic receptors |
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Term
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Definition
(Dose Dependent)
Xerostomia, Blurred vision, Irritated eyes, Tachycardia, Constipation, CNS: Restlessness, confusion, hallucinations, delirium
IF TOXIC treat with lose dose cholinesterase inhibitors |
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Term
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Definition
Direct Cholinergic Agonist
Not destroyed by acetylcholinesterase |
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Term
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Definition
Direct Cholinergic Agonist
Muscarinic + Nicotinic Actions
Resistant to acetylcholinesterases
Non-selectivity |
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Term
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Definition
| GI: ↑ intestinal motility & tone, GU: Expulsion of urine |
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Term
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Definition
| Postoperative abdominal distention or urinary distention |
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Term
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Definition
| Effects of generalized cholinergic stimulation: Sweating, Salivation, Flushing, ↓ BP, Nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, Bronchospasm -Be careful with asthma pts |
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Term
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Definition
Non-selectivity
Used locally in the eye: Miotic agent for glaucoma- Causes pupillary constriction & ↓ intraocular pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| Little AE’s with ophthalmic use due to little systemic absorption- BUT can in some instances |
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Term
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Definition
Direct Cholinergic Agonist, structurally similar to Ach
Resistant to acetylcholinesterases
Muscarinic activity |
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Term
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Definition
When applied locally to eye it causes miosis & contraction of ciliary muscle
Vision is fixed at a distance making it very difficult to focus
Promotes salivation |
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Term
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Definition
Emergent lowering of intraocular pressure: Very effective for opening trabecular meshwork around Schlemm’s canal (↑ drainage of aqueous humor)
Xerostomia |
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Term
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Definition
| May enter CNS & cause systemic effects: Profuse sweating, Salivation |
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Term
| Physostigmine - drug class |
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Definition
Indirect Cholinergic Agonist
Acetylcholinesterase substrate- form stable bond to inhibit Ach destruction |
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Term
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Definition
Treatment of overdoses of drugs with anticholinergic actions (reversal of CNS effects of atropine)
↑ |
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Term
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Definition
Convulsions (high doses), bradycardia & ↓CO, skeletal muscle paralysis
may enter CNS |
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Term
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Definition
Indirect Cholinergic Agosist
Synthetic inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase - more Ach available |
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Term
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Definition
Greater effects on skeletal muscle: stimulates contractility before paralyzing effects
Polar compound: ↓ CNS penetration |
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Term
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Definition
Stimulation of bladder & GI tract
Antidote for tubocurarine (& other NM blocking agents)
Myasthenia gravis |
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Term
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Definition
| Generalized cholinergic effects: Salivation, ↓ BP, flushing, nausea, Abd. Pain, diarrhea, bronchospasm |
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Term
| Pyridostigmine & ambenomium |
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Definition
Anticholinesterase
chronic myasthenia gravis |
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Term
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Definition
Anticholinesterase
chronic open-angle glaucoma
closed- angle glaucoma
Dx & Tx of accommodative esotropia |
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Term
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Definition
Anticholinesterase
DoA 10-20min
Dx of myasthenia gravis
May cause cholinergic crisis: antidote=atropine |
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Term
| Tacrine, Donepazil, Rivastigmine & Galatamine |
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Definition
Anticholinesterases
Use in Alzheimer's disease
AE: GI upset |
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Term
| Echothiophate - drug class |
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Definition
Anticholinesterase- Irreversible bond
permanantly inactives acetylcholinesterase- synthesis of new molecules for normal activity to return |
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Term
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Definition
Toxic- found in nerve gases & insecticides
Generalized cholinergic activity, paralysis of motor function, convulsions
Miosis-used topically for glaucoma (3rd line tx) |
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Term
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Definition
eye: myhydriasis (danger in narrow-angle glaucoma), no light response, cycloplegia
GI: antispasmotic (POTENT)
Urinary: decrease hypermotility of bladder
decrease secretions: sweat, lacrimation, salivary, respiration tract |
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Term
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Definition
Ophthalmic- dilates
Antispasmodic- relax GI tract
Antisecretory- blocks secretions of respiratory tract (preoperatively) |
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Term
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Definition
cholinergic antagonists/ cholinergic blockers
nopposed sympathetic stimulation
block muscarinic receptors
do not block nicotinic receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the most effective anti-motion sickness drugs |
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Term
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Definition
Prevention of motion sickness
Used in anesthetic regimens- to dry secretions
Prophylactic treatment |
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Term
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Definition
cholinergic antagonists/ cholinergic blockers
unopposed sympathetic stimulation
block muscarinic receptors
do not block nicotinic receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| local action & low CNS effects- little AE associated |
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Term
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Definition
Inhalant- for COPD & some asthma (2nd line)
Polar: low CNS effects |
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Term
| Tropicamide & Cylcopentolate |
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Definition
cholinergic antagonists/ cholinergic blockers
opthalmic conditions: mydriasis & cycloplegia (like atropine)
Shorter DoA than atropine |
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Term
| Tolterodine, Solifenancin, & Festoterodine |
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Definition
Competitive muscarinic receptor antagonists
Used for overactive bladder (contraction of bladder smooth muscle) |
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Term
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Definition
Nicotonic: Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs
Antagonists (Non-depolarizing type): Competition with Ach to binding site = flaccid paralysis |
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Term
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Definition
Lowers the amount of anesthesia required for surgical procedures
can overcome by increasing concentration of Ach |
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Term
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Definition
| Histamine release & ganglionic blockade |
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Term
| Succinylcholine - Drug class |
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Definition
| Nicotinic: Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers |
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Term
| Succinylcholine - Actions |
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Definition
| Causes transient twitching of the muscles (fasiculations)- flaccid paralysis |
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Term
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Definition
| Rapid endotracheal intubation |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyperthermia, Apnea (pts with low plasma cholinesterases), Hyperkalemia (risk with pts with massive tissue damage) |
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Term
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Definition
Nondepolarizing nicotinic neuromuscular blocker
Vagolytic (increases HR) |
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Term
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Definition
Direct adrenergic agonist,
catecholamine
a (high doses predominate) & b (low doses predominate) receptors |
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Term
| Direct Adrenergic Agonists |
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Definition
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Term
| Indirect Adrenergic agonists |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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