Term
| CYCLOBENZAPRINE (Amrix, Flexeril) |
|
Definition
CLASS: Skeletal muscle relaxant; centrally acting norepinephrine releasing agent
IND: Short-term therapy of acute MSK conditions (not related to CNS)
MOA: occurs at brainstem and spinal cord, blocks synaptic reuptake of norepinephrine therefore increasing activity
SE: Drowsiness, dizziness, xerostomia, tachycardia, vasodilation, palpitations
CONSIDERATIONS: caution in pt.s with cardiac disease |
|
|
Term
| DANTROLENE SODIUM (Dantrium) |
|
Definition
CLASS: Direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant, antispasticity agent;Calcium release blocker
IND: muscle spasms of head/neck; treatment for malignant hyperthermia
MOA: Interferes with release of calcium ions in skeletal muscle
SE: Muscle weakness, drowsiness (BB Warn: hepatotoxic)
CONSIDERATIONS: Risk for older adults (falls); monitor for hepatic function, report signs of jaundice, no breast feeding; therap. effects may take up to 1 week, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CLASS: Anitacne agent; Retinoid
IND: Treatment of severe recalcitrant nodular acne unresponsive to conventional treatments
MOA: binds to and activates nuclear retinoic acid receptors, thereby regulating cell differentiation and proliferation
SE: Dryness and sun-sensitivity (BB Warn: Preg. Cat. X - causes severe birth defects; must register to iPledge program)
CONSIDERATIONS: Females must have 2 neg pregnancy tests; avoid Vit A supplements |
|
|
Term
| PERMETHRIN (Acticin, Elimite, Nix) |
|
Definition
CLASS: Antiparasitic; Scabicide, pedicullicide
IND: Kills head and crab lice and mites and their eggs
MOA: Affects nervous system of parasite, causing paralysis
SE: rash, pruritis or erythema in affected area
CONSIDERATIONS: Not approved for under 2 mos. of age, notify those who may have been exposed, wear gloves when handling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CLASS: Antiacne; Retinoid
IND: Early treatment of mild to moderate acne, also reduces fine lines and hyperpigmentation
MOA: Increases skin cell turnover
SE: Erythema, peeling skin
CONSIDERATIONS: Limit sun exposure, do not take while pregnant or breastfeeding |
|
|
Term
| BENZOCAINE (Amercaine, Anbesol) |
|
Definition
CLASS: Topical anesthetic; local anesthetic, antioruritic
IND: topical temporary relief of pain and discomfort
MOA: Suface anesthesia by inhibiting conduction of nerve endings
SE: Allergic reactions
CONSIDERATIONS: Don't apply to open or infected areas, apply up to 4x a day; pt. at risk for cold or burns due to desensitivity |
|
|
Term
| ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID (Aspirin) |
|
Definition
CLASS: Nonnarcortic analgesia, antipyretic, antiplatelet; Salicylate, NSAID
IND: Analgesic, antipyrectic, antiplatelet
MOA: Inhibitions of COX1 and COX2 leads to reduced prostaglandin synthesis
SE: Risk of hypersensivity reaction, stomach irritation, heartburn, GI problems, GI bleeding
CONSIDERATIONS: Do not administer for under 19 yrs of age, monitor elderly for GI irritation or bleeding |
|
|
Term
| IBUPROFEN (Advil, Motrin) |
|
Definition
CLASS: Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic; NSAID
IND: Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic
MOA: Inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 and modulate T-cell function
SE: GI related problems
CONSIDERATIONS: Avoid alcohol, do not take with other OTC drugs with ibuprofen, increase fluid intake in young children to reduce risk of dehydration and possible renal effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CLASS: Anti-inflammatory; COX-2 inhibitor, NSAID
IND: Treat mild to moderate pain and inflammation; effective antipyretic
MOA: Selective COX-2 inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
SE: Increases risk of CV events (i.e. fatal MI and stroke); produces same GI problems but at lower rate
CONSIDERATIONS: Avoid alcohol, monitor for stroke or MI symptoms, monitor ethnically diverse pop more freq. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CLASS: Nonopioid analgesic, pyretic; para-aminophenol derivative
IND: Relieves mild to moderate pain, reduces fever
MOA: Acts centrally in CNS by inhibiting COX
SE: Dose related, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, lethargy, diaphoresis, chills
CONSIDERATIONS: Note alcohol history to prevent hepatotoxicity, Avoid alcohol |
|
|
Term
| INTERFERON ALFA-2B (Intron A) |
|
Definition
CLASS: Immunostimulant; Interferon, biological response modifier
IND: Neoplastic conditions; genital warts tx
MOA: Antiviral and antineoplasitc activities. Inhibits viral replication and affects cancer cells by enhancing general immune functions and suppressing growth of cancer cells
SE: Flulike syndrome that diminishes, fatigue, headache, NVD, Anorexia, hair loss (BB Warn: cause fatal or lifethreatening neuropsychiatric, autoimmune, ischemic, or infectious disorders
CONSIDERATIONS: Elderly at risk for falls, do not administer to neonatal or infants; keep F/U appt. during and after drug therapy and monitor for drug-induced depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CLASS: Immunostimulant; Interleukin, biologic response modifier
IND: Treatment of cancer, (off label leprosy)
MOA: Activates ILs to promote B and T cell, macrophages, and NK cell proliferation thereby increasing body's ability to fight cancer cells
SE: Toxic drug has potential to cause serious effects in every organ system
CONSIDERATIONS: Pt. should avoid vaccinations, report symptoms of bleeding, infection, SOB, hallucinations, agitation, vision changes, palpitations, chest pain, reduced urine output, yellowing of eyes or fatigue |
|
|
Term
| CYCLOSPORINE (Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune) |
|
Definition
CLASS: Immunosuppressant; Calcineurin inhibitor
IND: Prophylaxis transplant rejection, psoriasis, severe RA, xeropthalmia
MOA: Inhibits function of calnieurin which diminishes activity of T and B cells and suppresses immunity
SE: Nephrotoxicity, reduction in urine flow, 50% experiene HTN and tremor, Hirsutism common
CONSIDERATIONS: Monitor ethnically diverse pops, take med same time each day, don't take with grapefruit juice, take with meals, excessive hair growth may occur but reverse with discontinuation |
|
|
Term
| AZATHIOPRINE (Azasan, Imuran) |
|
Definition
CLASS: Immunosuppressant; Cytotoxic agent
IND: Prophylaxis of kidney transplant rejection, treatment of severe RA
MOA: Inhibits DNA synthesis reulting in DNA damage and chromosome breakage
SE: Bone marrow suppression, can have infections secondary to immunosuppression
CONSIDERATIONS: Take drug in divided doses with meals to reduce irritation and nausea, no pregnancy/breastfeeding during use |
|
|
Term
| MUROMONAB-CD3 (Orthoclone, OKT3) |
|
Definition
CLASS: Immunosuppressant; Monoclonal antibody
IND: Prevents acute transplant rejection of solid organ
MOA: Binds to CD3 protein on T cell surfaces preventing T cell from initiating immune response
SE: Cytokine release 30-60 min after IV admin produces high fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, angina, tremor
CONSIDERATIONS: Educate to immediately report rash, hives, SOB, flulike symptoms |
|
|
Term
| HEPATITIS B VACCINE (Engerix-B, Recombivax HB) |
|
Definition
CLASS: Vaccine; Vaccine
IND: Provides immunity to HBV in 99% to 100% of patients when given in recommended 3 doses
MOA: Consists of HBsAg produced through DNA tech using yeast cells; antibodies are induced
SE: Anaphylaxis is rare
CONSIDERATIONS: Older adults may require confirmation by titer; vaccine is not effective unless entire series of doses is completed; notify Dr. if pregnant |
|
|
Term
| RHo(D) Immune Globulin (RhoGAM) |
|
Definition
CLASS: Immunizing agent (passive); Antibody, Immunoglobulin
IND: Prevents mother from forming Rh antibodies, so there will be no risk of incompatibility in subsequent pregnancies
MOA: Rho antibodies suppress immune response of Rh- mother to Rh+ fetuses
SE: hypersensitivity is rare.
CONSIDERATIONS: Pt. may refuse to accept admin of any component derived from human blood or serum; inform provider of any drugs taken that weaken immunity |
|
|
Term
| ALBUTEROL (Proventil, Ventolin, VoSpire) |
|
Definition
CLASS: Bronchodilator; Beta2-adrenergic agonist
IND: Used to relieve and prevent bronchospasm and facilitates mucus drainage
MOA: Selectively binding to beta2-anrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle to cause bronchodilation
SE: Nervousness, restlessness, tachycardia
CONSIDERATIONS: Treatment of COPD, teach how to correctly use, monitor for toxicity, assess for hypersensitivity, encourage 10-12 glasses water/day, monitor vitals for improvement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CLASS: Bronchodilator, Anticholinergic
IND: Relieves and prevents the bronchospasm that is characteristic of asthma and COPD (drug of choice for COPD)
MOA: Causes bronchodilation by blocking cholinergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle
SE: Some anticholinergic side effects
CONSIDERATIONS: |
|
|
Term
| BECLOMETHASONE (Beconase AQ, Qvar) |
|
Definition
CLASS: Anti-inflammatory; Corticosteroid
IND: Preferred drug for long-term management of persistent asthma, effective at reducing the symptoms of allergic rhinitis
MOA: Beclomethasone acts by reducing inflammation and immune responses
SE: hypercorticism, hoarseness, dry mouth, and changes in taste
CONSIDERATIONS: Be alert for increased blood sugar for diabetics, pt. should be vaccinated for varicella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CLASS: Anti-inflammatory; Mast cell stabalizer
IND: Prevents inflammation that is characteristic pathophysiological feature of asthma and COPD
MOA: prevents inflammatory response that occurs when mast cells degenerate by stabilizing them
SE: Bronchospasm, cough, ad pharyngeal irritation
CONSIDERATIONS: Prophylactic management of bronchial asthma, notify clinician of wheezing, respiratory distress, do not use for acute asthma attacks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CLASS: Agent for asthma prophylaxis, anti-inflammatory; Leukotreine modifier
IND: Used for prophylaxis of persistent, chronic asthma
MOA: prevents airway edema and inflammation by blocking leukotreine receptors in the airway
SE: Headaches
CONSIDERATIONS: do not use to treat acute asthma attack; take on empty stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CLASS: Bronchodilator, Methylxanthine
IND: Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle and may exert some anti-inflammatory action that is beneficial to patients with asthma
MOA: Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle which promotes bronchodilation, it suppresses airway responsiveness to stimuli that promote bronchospasm
SE: N&V, headache, irritability, and insomnia; dysrhythmias, hypotension, and seizures
CONSIDERATIONS: Avoid activities requiring alertness until response to med is known, contact clinician if toxicity, nausea, vomiting, anxiety, insomnia, convulsions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CLASS: drug for allergic rhinitis and minor allergies; H1-receptor agonist, antihistamine
IND: Treatment of allergic rhinitis, most effective when taken before symptoms develop
MOA: binds to histamine receptor
SE: Headache, nausea, dyspepsia and dysmenorrhea; increased incidence of viral infections
CONSIDERATIONS: Monitor hepatic, renal, and cardiac status in older patients, undetected cardiac disease may increase likelihood of adverse effects of drug; do not use antihistamines for cold relief in children until age of 6 |
|
|
Term
| FLUTICASONE (Flonase, Veramyst) |
|
Definition
CLASS: Agent for allergic rhinitis; intranasal corticosteroid
IND: Used for management of nasal symptoms associated with seasonal and perennial rhinitis
MOA: Inhibits mast cells, macrophages, and inflammatory mediators; vasoconstriction and anti-inflammatory agent
SE: headache, cough, nasal ulceration, epistaxis, and local burning
CONSIDERATIONS: Do not use intranasal corticosteroids for symptomatic cold relief in children under 4, and monitor children's growth rate |
|
|
Term
| PSEUDOEPHEDRINE (Sudafed) |
|
Definition
CLASS: Decongestant; Sympathomimetic
IND: Treats allergic rhinitis, sinus congestion, and the common cold symptoms; promotes sinus drainage and can open obstructed eustachian tubes in adults and children with chronic otic inflammation
MOA: Activates alpha-adrenergic receptors which causes vasoconstriction in the nasal mucosa
SE: Some patients experience CNS stimulation with symptoms of insomnia
CONSIDERATIONS: Monitor cardiac status in the older adult, do not use decongestant for symptomatic cold relief in children under 6 yrs of age |
|
|
Term
| DEXTROMETHORPHAN (Delsym, Robitussin DM) |
|
Definition
CLASS: Antitussive; Levorphanol derivation
IND: Cold suppressant; more effective at reducing nonproductive cough due to chronic due to chronic throat irritation from tobacco use or emphysema rather than acute cough due to colds
MOA: acts directly on cough center in medulla
SE: No adverse effect of therapeutic doses
CONSIDERATIONS: Use special caution when administering this drug to the older adult who is at increased risk of falls |
|
|
