Term
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Definition
| Gram-negative UTI: E. coli, Klebsiella, Serratia, Clostridia (Headache, GI etc) [Hypersensitivity] Synergistic with beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones. Decreased absorption with antacids. |
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Term
| Inhibitors of Murein Monomer Synthesis |
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Definition
| Fosfomycin, Fosmidomycin, Cycloserine, Bactracin |
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Term
| Posphoenolpyruvate (PEP) analogues |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| M. tuberculosis/avium (seizures, somnolence, peripheral neuropathy, psychosis) [Epilepsy, depression anxiety, psychosis, renal insufficiency, alcoholism] Alcohol/isoniazid/ethionamide potentiate toxicity, pyridoxine reduces neuropathy, inhibits hepatic phenytoin metabolism |
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Term
| Alanine racemase and D-Ala-D-Ala senthetase inhibitor |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| topical infections, C. difficile or VRE (Avoid systemic absorption for nephro/neuro/myelo toxicity, contact dermatitis) [Nephrotoxic agents or neuromuscular blockade] |
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Term
| Bactoprenol pyrophosphate dephosphorylation inhibitor |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Inhibitors of Murein Polymer Synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| MRSA (IV), C. difficile (oral) (Neuropenia, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, anaphylaxis, Red-man syndrome, rash/hypersensitivity) [Dextrose can cause corn allergy] Increased aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity, D-Ala-D-lactate resistance, Teicoplanin not available in US |
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Term
| Transglycosidase inhibitor |
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Definition
| Vancomycin, Teicoplanin, Bind to D-Ala-D-Ala terminus |
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Term
| Polymer Cross-linking Inhibitors |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| Transpeptidase inhibitors |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| G, V; Oxa/Cloxa/Dicloxa/Naf/Methi-cillin; Amp/Amox-icillin (+claculanic acid or sulbactam); Carbeni/Ticar/Pipera/Mezlo-cillin |
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Term
|
Definition
| (V: rheumatic fever prophylaxis) S. aureus, S. pyogenes, Meningicoccus, Clostridia, Syphilis, Yaws, Leptospirosis (Seizures, C. difficile, eosinophilia, anemia, neuropathy, nephritis, anaphylaxis) [Hypersensitivity] G is intravenous. Potentiates warfarin |
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Term
| Oxa/Cloxa/Dicloxa/Naf/Methi-cillin |
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Definition
| S. aureus in skin/soft tissue (GI) [Hypersensitivity] Narrow Spectrum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| (Pseudomembranous enterocolitis) |
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Term
|
Definition
| (Interstitial nephritis, phlebitis) |
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Term
| Antistaphylococcal Penicillins |
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Definition
| Oxa/Cloxa/Dicloxa/Naf/Methi-cillin |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ampicillin, Amoxicillin. Positive charge on amino group aids entry. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Invasive Enterococci, Listeria (Rash, GI) [Hypersensitivity] Broad-spectrum |
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Term
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Definition
| ENT infections, endocarditis prophylaxis, dental surgery, part of H. pylori (Rash, GI) [Hypersensitivity] |
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Term
| Clavulanic Acid, Sulbactam |
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Definition
| Beta-lactamase inhibitors |
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Term
| Ampicillin + Beta-Lactamase inhibitor |
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Definition
| S. aureus, H. influenzae, e. coli, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, anaerobes (Same as ampicillin) |
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Term
|
Definition
| inhibit transpeptidase by acyl enzyme intermediate. Six-membered accessory ring |
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|
Term
| First generation cephalospirins |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Proeus mirabilis, E. coli, Klebsiella p. (Pseudomembranous enterocolitis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity, rash, GI) [specific hypersensivity] Good gram-positive, beta-lactamase sensitive |
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Term
| Second Generation Cephalosporins |
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Definition
| Cefuroxime, Cefotetan, Cefoxitin. Broader gram-negative coverage over generation 1 |
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Term
|
Definition
| H. influenzae. Primarily used in community-acquired pneumonia (Gen 1 adversia) |
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Term
|
Definition
| H. influenzae, enterobacter, Neisseria, mirabilis, E. coli, Klebsiella (Gen 1 plus: Cefotetan may block Vit K coag factors with alcohol) Primarily abdominal/pelvic infections. |
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Term
| Third Generation Cephalosporins |
|
Definition
| Cefotaxime, Ceftizoxime, Ceftriaxome, Cefoperazone, Ceftazidime. High CNS penetration, resistant to beta-lactamases, weak against gram-positives |
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Term
|
Definition
| Gonococcus, burgdorferi, H. influenzae, Enterobacteriaceae (Gen 1 plus: cholestatic hepatitis) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| (Vit K coag factor block with alcohol) |
|
|
Term
| Fourth Generation Cephalosporin |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Enterobacteriaceae, Neisseia, H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa, Gram-positives (Gen 1 plus: erythrocyte autoantibodies with hemolysis) beta-lactamase resistant |
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Term
|
Definition
| Aztreonam, suicide inhibit transpeptidase |
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Term
|
Definition
| Gram-negative bacteria (same as penicillins) used in allergic patients, is ineffective for gram-positives |
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Term
|
Definition
| Imipenem/cilastatin, Meropenem, Ertapenem. Increase valproate levels. |
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Term
|
Definition
| All gram+/- except MRSA, VRE, Legionella |
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Term
|
Definition
| high levels may cause seizures, cliastatin inhibits renal dehydropeptidase I protective imipenem. |
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Term
|
Definition
| High levels may cause seizures, levels increased by probenecid |
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Term
|
Definition
| Not active against Pseudomonas or Acinetobacter |
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Term
|
Definition
| Mycobacterium (Optic neuritis, blindness, peripheral neuropathy, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hyperuricemia, mania, GI) [Optic neuritis, antacids] Mycobacteriostatic with rifampin and streptomycin |
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Term
|
Definition
| Decreases arabinogalactan synthesis by inhibiting arabinosyl transferase |
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Term
|
Definition
| Produg converted to pyrazinoic acid, inhibits fatty acid synthetase I (FAS1) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Mycobacterium species (Anemia, hepatotoxicity, arthralgias, hyperuricemia) [gout, hepatic dysfunction] |
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Term
|
Definition
| Mycobacterium (Hepatitis, neurotoxicity, SLE, seizure, hematologic abnomalities) [Active liver disease] Randomly modulate P450, pyridoxine supplementation treats Isoniazid neurotoxicity. |
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Term
| Isoniazid, Ethionamide MOA |
|
Definition
| Inhibit mycolic acid synthesis by inhibiting Fatty Acid Synthetase 2 (FAS2) |
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