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PH Concepts in Action CH 4
Structure of the Atom
35
Science
9th Grade
10/07/2009

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Term
Nucleus
Definition
dense area in center of atom that has a positive charge; made up of protons and neutrons
Term
Protons
Definition
"positively charged, subatomic particle located in the nucleus"
Term
Electrons
Definition
"negatively charged, subatomic particle, orbits the nucleus in energy levels"
Term
Neutrons
Definition
"neutral, subatomic particle located in the nucleus"
Term
Atomic Number
Definition
number of protons in an atom; unique for each element
Term
Mass Number
Definition
Number of protons plus neutrons in an atom
Term
Isotopes
Definition
"atoms of same element with different number of neutrons, therefore different masses"
Term
energy levels
Definition
"areas outside the nucleus that electrons orbit in, each area has a different range of energy"
Term
electron cloud
Definition
locations and motions of electrons outside the nucleus
Term
orbitals
Definition
an estimate of the location of an electron at any given time based on its energy
Term
electron configuration
Definition
arrangement of the electrons in the orbitals of an atom
Term
ground state
Definition
atom whose electrons in are their lowest energy levels
Term
What ideas did Dalton contribute (add) to the model of the atom?
Definition
Dalton's Theory: All matter is made of individual particles called atoms, they cannot be divided
Term
What idea did Thomson contribute (add) to the model of the atom?
Definition
Showed atoms are made of even smaller particles; chocolate chip ice cream model; atoms are neutral
Term
What idea did Rutherford contribute (add) to the model of the atom?
Definition
He performed the gold foil experiment; discovered the nucleus; the nucleus is positive
Term
What idea did Bohr contribute (add) to the model of the atom?
Definition
He determined electrons were in energy levels; electrons can move from one level to another
Term
What are the 3 subatomic particles that make up an atom?
Definition
Protons, Neutrons, & Electrons
Term
What properties can be used to compare Protons, Electrons, & Neutrons?
Definition
Location, Charge, & Mass
Term
How are atoms of one element different from atoms of another element?
Definition
Each element has a unique number of protons in its atoms
Term
What is different between 2 isotopes of the same element?
Definition
They each have a different number of neutrons
Term
What can happen to electrons when they gain or lose energy?
Definition
They can change energy levels.
Term
State the 4 parts of Dalton's Theory:
Definition
1. All elements are made of atoms; 2. All atoms of the same element have the same mass; 3. Compounds contain atoms of more than one element; 4. Compounds always combine in the same ways
Term
What idea did Democritus contribute (add) to the model of the atom?
Definition
He believed all matter was made of small pieces that could NOT be divided; introduced the term atomos (atoms)
Term
What do neutrons and protons have in common?
Definition
They are both located in the nucleus of an atom, they also have the same mass. (1 amu)
Term
What is different between a proton and a neutron?
Definition
Protons are positive, while neutrons are neutral.
Term
How can atoms be neutral if they contain charged particles?
Definition
The number of positively charged particles equals the number of negatively charged particles= neutral.
Term
What is the difference between O-16 & O-17?
Definition
Their masses are different meaning they are isotopes and have different numbers of neutrons.
Term
What model of the atom is used to explain electron behavior?
Definition
The electron cloud model.
Term
What is the most stable electron configuration for an atom?
Definition
When the electrons are in ground state- lowest possible energy level.
Term
Whose model is best described as a solid sphere (like a bowling ball)?
Definition
Dalton's
Term
Whose model is most like a chocolate chip cookie?
Definition
Thomson
Term
Where is the majority of an atom's mass located?
Definition
In the nucleus
Term
Where is the majority of an atom's volume located?
Definition
In the electron cloud
Term
Which particle is the smallest (least mass)?
Definition
The electron
Term
Atoms emit (give off) light when they do what?
Definition
Change energy levels-go to a lower level
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