Home > Flashcards > Physiology > PET 410 - Ch.1 Terms

Details Title: PET 410 - Ch.1 Terms Description: Exercise Physiology Total Flash Cards: 63 Created: 09/04/2007 23:03:08	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Arteries Definition Carry blood with fresh oxygen Term Capillaries Definition Narrow vessels that exchange gases, nutrients, cellular waste between blood and cells Term Veins Definition After passing capillaries blood enters veins Term Atria Definition Upper chambers of heart Term Ventricles Definition Lower chambers of heart Term Systole Definition Contraction phase of cardiac cycle Term Diastole Definition Relaxation phase of cardiac cycle Term Cardiac Output (Q) Definition Amount of blood that flows from each ventricle in one minute Term \f0\fs24 \cf0 Triglycerides Definition Fat - body's primary source of reserved energy\ Term Body Composition Definition body fat and muscle bones blood etc (fat-free weight)\ Term Stroke Volume (SV) Definition amount of blood pumped from each ventricle each time the heart beats (mL per beat)\ Term Ejection Fraction Definition The remaining % of blood in ventricle at end of diastole that is ejected during contraction\ Term Oxygen extraction Definition amount of oxygen taken from the hemoglobin (in the capillaries of the muscle)\ Term ATP Definition (adenosine triphosphate - Body's energy source\ Term mitochondria Definition Most cells contain - it is the site of ATP production (powerhouse)\ Term ischemia Definition insufficient oxygen supply to the heart muscle\ Term angina pectoris Definition caused from ischemia - pain or pressure in chest\ Term myocardial infarction Definition (heart attack) if the O2 supply is cut off such as a blood clot\ Term stroke Definition ischemia - what happes to the brain is a stroke\ Term anaerobic threshold Definition Intensity at which adequate oxygen is unavailable\ Term glycogen Definition carried in blood and stored in muscles and liver.(primary source of anaerobic ATP)(large molecule made of glucose)} Term \f0\fs38 \cf0 creatine phosphate Definition molecule that can be quickly broken apart to make ATP(second source of anaerobic ATP production)\ Term Phosphagens Definition Combo of Creatine phosphate and ATP stored in muscles (only enough for 10 sec) \ Term lactic acid Definition byproduct of anaerobic ATP production\ Term hyperventilation Definition indication that anaerobic ATP production is predominating - "breathing faster than is necessary at a given pace" \ Term enzyme Definition Proteins that body used to make ATP\ Term maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) Definition The total capacity to consume oxygen at the cellular level - max aerobic capacity\ Term oxygen extraction Definition arteriovenous oxygen difference\ Term vasoconstriction Definition decrease in diameter of the vessels that supply blood to the abdominal area\ Term systolic blood pressure Definition amount of pressure generated by the contraction of the left ventricle (systole)\ Term diastolic blood pressure Definition amount of pressure left in the system when the heart muscles relaxes between beats (diastole)\ Term overload principle Definition system made to work harder than used to\ Term venous return Definition increase in amount of blood returning to heart\ Term principle of specificity training Definition type of exercise chosen\ Term Target Heart Rate(THR) Definition correct exercise intensity\ Term Rating of perceived Exertion (RPE) Definition way to monitor intensity - use a scale to see how hard you exercise\ Term Talk Test Definition utilizes the hyperventilation response to monitor intensity (should be able to carry comfortable conversation)\ Term Calories Definition unit of heat energy (1 liter (1 quart) of O2 per minute then 5 calories per minute burned)\ Term Type 2 Diabetes Definition insulin is required to level blood sugar levels (aerobic helps the disease)\ Term hypertension Definition High blood pressure\ Term high density lipoprotein (HDL) Definition Good Cholesterol\ Term Slow twitch (type 1) fibers Definition These are the muscles that can go longer but have less power (high reps, low weights)\ Term Fast twitch (type 11) fibers Definition These are the "explosive" muscles that are good for short bursts (low reps, high weight)} Term \f0\fs32 \cf0 Motor neurons Definition nerve impulse from brain to cause muscle contraction\ Term neurotransmitter Definition Chemically transmits nerve impulse to muscle fibers\ Term acetylcholine Definition a neurotransmitter that allows muscle contractions\ Term myofibrils Definition Strands of protein that runs thought the length of the muscle fiber\ Term actin Definition (contractile proteins) primary protein related to process of muscle contraction.\ Term concentric contraction Definition (positive) shortens muscle\ Term eccentric contraction Definition (negative) lengthens muscle\ Term isometric contraction Definition contraction of individual fibers but dont lenghen/shorten (push wall)\ Term motor unit Definition a single motor nerve and all muscle fibers it stimulates together\ Term cartilage Definition padding between bones\ Term ligaments Definition connect bones to bones\ Term tendons Definition muscle to bones\ Term golgi tendon organ Definition (sensor) a protection from generating to much force (will auto relax if you do too much weight)\ Term isometric Definition (same length) high intensity\ Term dynamic constant external resistance Definition (fixed amount of resistance\ Term dynamic variable external resistance Definition amount of force changes throughout the exercise\ Term isokinetic Definition (same speed) amount of force throughout the entire range of motioin\ Term glycogen Definition endurance 60-80min - storage of glucose - muscles cant contract without. ("hitting the wall")\ Term elasticity Definition how much the muscle is flexible \ Term muscle spindles Definition fibers in the muscle tissue protect against too much stretch\