Term
|
Definition
| Values -> Beliefs -> Attitudes -> Actions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
For --- Neutral --- Against
Reinforce --- Instill --- Change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Part of audience you're trying to persuade the most |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mental give-and-take the audience will have with you |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Truth or falsity to an assertion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Should or should not happen (this is the one you want for persuasive speaking) |
|
|
Term
| Organization methods for claim of policy persuasive speech |
|
Definition
1. Problem-Solution
2. Problem-Cause-Solution
3. Comparative Advantages
4. Monroe's Motivated Sequence |
|
|
Term
| Monroe's Motivated Sequence |
|
Definition
1. Attention-getter
2. Establish need
3. Satisfy need w/ solution
4. Visualization
5. Immediate ACTION |
|
|
Term
| Effective methods of persuasion |
|
Definition
1. Ethos
2. Logos
3. Pathos |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Speaker's credibility
1. Initial
2. Derived
3. Terminal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Hasty generalizations
2. Bandwagon
3. False cause/post-hoc (e.g. superstition)
4. Slippery slope
5. Red herring
6. Ad hominem
7. Either-Or |
|
|
Term
| Electric automobiles are commercially feasible (claim) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An aspirin a day can reduce the risk of heart disease (claim) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Retribution is a more important goal of criminal justice than rehabilitation (claim) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A citizen's right to privacy is more important than the government's right to gather information (claim) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Workers striking against the federal government should face immediate loss of jobs (claim) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Civil disobedience is justifiable in a democracy (claim) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Irradiated food is harmful to your health (claim) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A person argues that the flat tax is fair to people in all tax brackets based on the testimony of two economists (fallacy) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A speaker argues that a school's losing footbal season resulted from removing prayer from the pre-game ceremonies (fallacy) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A person argues to keep more people in the military, we must increase military pay or provide more benefits (fallacy) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A speaker answers charges of misusing public money by describing how he worked in the school cafeteria to pay his way through college (fallacy) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A speaker argues that one concession to labor unions will result in a flood of concessions to labor unions (fallacy) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A person argues that Mary Jones should not be reelected to the school board because she is a recovering alcoholic (fallacy) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A person argues that Harold Robbins is a great writer because many of his books went to the top of the best-seller list (fallacy) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of influencing another person's values, beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors |
|
|
Term
| Types of persuasive speeches |
|
Definition
1. Speech to convince
2. Speech to actuate
3. Speech to inspire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Affect listeners' beliefs or attitudes; does not require action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| May establish belief, but always calls for the audience to act |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Attempt to change how listeners feel; not meant to convince or actuate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Image or reputation prior to speaking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Image the audience develops of you as you speak |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Image the audience has of you after your speech |
|
|
Term
| Components of credibility |
|
Definition
1. Convey competence
2. Convey trustworthiness
3. Convey dynamism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Know your subject and how it interacts w/ related topics
2. Document your ideas (use clear/vivid/credible supporting materials)
3. Cite your sources
4. Acknowledge any personal involvement or experience w/ your subject |
|
|
Term
| Conveying trustworthiness |
|
Definition
1. Establish common ground w/ your audience
2. Demonstrate your objectivity in approaching the topic (thorough, unbiased research) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Be energetic, vigorous, exciting, inspiring, spirited, and stimulating; conveys both confidence and concern; demonstrates civility and concern for the audience/a desire to communicate with them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Limit your goals
2. Argue incrementally |
|
|
Term
| Connecting with your listeners |
|
Definition
1. Assess listeners' knowledge of your topic
2. Assess how important your audience consider your topic
3. Motivate your listeners
4. Relate your message to listeners' values |
|
|
Term
| Organizing your arguments |
|
Definition
1. Primacy theory
OR
2. Recency theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Recommends putting the strongest argument first in the body of your speech to establish a strong initial impression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Recommends presenting the strongest arguments last |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Make a claim
2. Offer evidence
3. Show how the evidence proves the claim |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. State the position you are refuting
2. State your position
3. Support your position
4. Show how your position undermines the opposing argument |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Argument by example
2. Argument by analogy
3. Argument by cause
4. Argument by deduction
5. Argument by authority |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inductive argument - uses a few instances to assert a broader claim:
1. Are the examples true?
2. Are the examples relevant?
3. Are the examples sufficient?
4. Are the examples representative? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Links two objects or concepts and asserts what is true of one will be true of the other; appropriate when the program you advocate or oppose has been tried elsewhere:
1. Are the similarities b/w the two cases relevant?
2. Are any of the differences b/w the two cases relevant? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Connects two elements or events and claims that one is produced by the other (effect-to-cause or cause-to-effect):
1. Does a causal relationship exist?
2. Could the presumed cause produce the effect?
3. Could the effect result from other causes? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Deductive argument - moves from a general category to a specific instance; consist of a pattern of three statements (major premise, minor premise, conclusion):
1. Is the major premise true?
2. Is the minor premise true? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Uses testimony from an expert source to prove a speaker's claim:
1. Is the source an expert?
2. Is the source unbiased? |
|
|
Term
| Fallacies from the textbook |
|
Definition
1. False analogy
2. Appeal to tradition
3. False authority |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of propositions |
|
Definition
1. Express a judgement
2. Debatable
3. Require proof |
|
|
