• unique attitudes, behaviors, and emotions that characterize a person
• usually seen as constant

• feel timed pressure
• easily angered
• competitive
• ambitious 
• work hard
• higher risk for heart disease

• Relaxed
• easygoing

• theories in which people move between stages
• failure to move past a stage may result in "fixation"
• ex: Freud's psychosexual stages

• Oral
• Anal
• Phallic (Oedipus Crisis/Complex, Penis Envy)
• Latency
• Genital

• young male children develop an animosity towards father and become attracted to mother
• happens during phallic stage

• unconscious mind driven by please & biological instincts

• both unconscious and conscious mind
• reality principle: ego works between desires & environment/morality

• conscious mind
• based on morality

Given the example determine who plays as the id, ego, superego.

Scenario: 

Mrs. Block in teachers lounge: "I don't want to finish         grading these papers."

Mr. McDowell: "Meh, it's Friday who cares.  You don't have to grade!"

Ms. Haas: "You should grade, get it over and done with."

Mrs. Block: "I'll grade these FRQ's and leave the rest for later."

Id: McDowell

Ego: Block

Superego: Haas

• ego uses these to protect the conscious mind from harmful memories or anxiety

• contains painful/threatening memories of one's own experience
• created by Jung

• unconscious experiences passed down through species
• explains similarities between cultures

• universal concepts/symbols we all share

• each person has a basic personality trait
• traits are stable/non changing

• O-openness to experience (curious)
• C- conscientiousness (diligent/hardworking) 
• E- extroversion (outgoing)
• A- agreeableness (easy to get along with)
• N- neuroticism (hostility)

• personality types can be matched with body types
• Endomorphs (fat)- friendly/outgoing
• Mesomorphs (muscular)- confident/assertive
• Ectomorphs (thin)- shy/secretive

• A person's own assessment about ability level
• high self-efficacy = optimistic about ability
• low self-efficacy = powerlessness
• Studied by Bandura

• belief about who is responsible for events/actions
• internal: you are responsible for what happens 
• external: luck & other forces control actions

• how you feel about yourself
• Congruent self-concept: you see yourself as others do
• Incongruent: you see yourself different than others

• correlates positively with positive self-concept

• highest point on Maslow's Heirarchy of Needs
• in order to reach SA- a person must be loved, feel safe, have self-esteem, etc.

• created by Rogers
• Definition: parents love child unconditionally
• leads to self-actualization & congruency

• subject must interpret ambiguous study guide
• used by psychoanalysts

• Questionaires in which subjects answer questions about their own personality traits

• Widely used self-report inventory

• created psychoanalytical theory
• focused on unconscious mind & its effects on behavior
• id, ego, superego

• Psychodynamic theorist
• focused on psychosocial stages

• psychodynamic theorist
• focused on collective vs. personal unconscious
• archetypes

• Psychodynamic theorist
• focused on strive to be superior
• birth order

• operant conditioning of personality
• ex: if you laugh at someone they are more likely to tell more joke (positively reinforced)

• Focused on reciprocal determinism
• Self-efficacy

• Humanistic perspective
• focused on heirarchy of needs
• self-actualized

• Humanistic theorist
• focused on self-concept