Term
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Definition
neuroticism
extraversion
openness to experience
agreeableness
conscientiousness |
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Term
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Definition
the primitive, instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle
-raw, biological urges |
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Term
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Definition
| moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what represents right and wrong |
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Term
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Definition
the decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle
-mediates between the id and the superego; considers social norms, etiquette, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of whatever one is aware of at a particular point in time |
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Term
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Definition
contains material just beneath the surface of awareness that can easily be retrieved
(ex. your middle name) |
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Term
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Definition
| contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior |
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Term
defense mechanisms
repression |
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Definition
| keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious |
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Term
defense mechanisms
projection |
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Definition
| attributing one’s own thoughts, feelings, or motives to another |
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Term
defense mechanism
displacement |
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Definition
| diverting emotional feelings (usually anger) from their original source to a substitute target |
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Term
defense mechanisms
reaction formation |
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Definition
| behaving in a way that is exactly the opposite of one’s true feelings |
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Term
defense mechanisms
regression |
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Definition
| a reversion to immature patterns of behavior |
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Term
defense mechanisms
rationalization |
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Definition
| creating false but plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behavior |
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Term
defense mechanisms
identification |
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Definition
| bolstering self-esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with some person or group |
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Term
psychosexual stages
(1) oral stage |
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Definition
| -main source of erotic stimulation is the mouth (in biting, sucking, chewing, etc.) |
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Term
psychosexual stages
(2) anal stage |
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Definition
-erotic pleasure from their bowel movements, through either the expulsion or retention of feces
-become anal expulsive or anal retentive |
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Term
psychosexual stages
(3) phallic stage |
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Definition
-genitals become the focus for the child’s erotic energy
oedipal complex --> -the child has to purge the sexual longings for the opposite-sex parent and crush the hostility felt toward the same-sex parent |
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Term
psychosexual stages
(4) latency stage |
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Definition
| -child’s sexuality is largely suppressed - it becomes latent |
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Term
psychosexual stages
(5) genital stage |
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Definition
| sexual urges reappear and focus is on the genitals once again; natural sexual attraction to others |
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Term
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Definition
Freud --> psychoanalysis; psychosexual stages
Jung --> analytical psychology (personal and collective unconscious; archetypes)
Adler --> individual psychology (striving for superiority) |
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Term
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Definition
Skinner --> operant conditioning (response of others)
Bandura --> social cognitive theory
Mischel --> person/situation controversy |
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Term
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Definition
Rogers -->
Maslow --> hierarchy of needs |
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Term
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
(from most basic to most advanced) |
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Definition
physiological needs = hunger, thirst, and so forth
safety and security needs = long-term survival and stability
belongingness and love needs = affiliation and acceptance
esteem needs = achievement and gaining of recognition
cognitive needs = knowledge and understanding
aesthetic needs = order and beauty
need for self-actualization = realization of potential |
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Term
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Definition
| Eysenck -> genetics affect conditioning |
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Term
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Definition
Bandura
-people actively seek out and process information about their environment to maximize favorable outcomes |
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Term
| Need for self actualization (who?) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| self-efficacy and observational learning (who?) |
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Definition
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Term
| striving for superiority (who?) |
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Definition
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